Links - Revision history

Dvernon: /* Vision-Language-Action Models */

2026-06-15T08:08:34Z

‎Vision-Language-Action Models

Dvernon: /* Odds and Ends */

2026-06-09T09:36:41Z

‎Odds and Ends

Dvernon: /* Odds and Ends */

2026-06-09T09:36:22Z

‎Odds and Ends

Dvernon: /* Manipulation */

2026-06-09T09:35:23Z

‎Manipulation

Dvernon: /* Resources */

2026-06-09T09:35:11Z

‎Resources

Dvernon: /* Industry */

2026-06-09T09:35:00Z

‎Industry

Dvernon: /* Transformers */

2026-06-09T09:34:42Z

‎Transformers

Dvernon: /* Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models */

2026-06-09T09:34:24Z

‎Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models

Dvernon: /* Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models */

2026-06-09T09:34:01Z

‎Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models

Dvernon: /* Mac */

2026-06-09T09:33:43Z

‎Mac

@@ Line 775: / Line 775: @@
 [https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-024-00862-2 Will generative AI transform robotics?] Nature Machine Intelligence <BR>
 [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.aea7390 Good old-fashioned engineering can close the 100,000-year “data gap” in robotics] Ken Goldberg, Science Robotics <BR>
 == Self-Organization and Emergence ==

@@ Line 940: / Line 940: @@
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tas0O586t80 Program in C] The Little Mermaid <BR>
 [https://online2pdf.com/reduce-pdf-file-size# Reduce PDF File Size] and [https://online2pdf.com/en/cut-pdf-pages-into-halves Cut PDF pages into halves]<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Mqa4zfJdx4&t=1s Retirement Plan] Animated short film by directed by John Kelly, voiced by Domhnall Gleeson, and nominated for an Oscar in 2026.  It tells the story of Ray as he thinks about everything he plans to do in retirement, once he finally has the time (only available free in the USA and Canada, so use a VPN) <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Mqa4zfJdx4&t=1s Retirement Plan] Animated short film by directed by John Kelly, voiced by Domhnall Gleeson, and nominated for an Oscar in 2026.  It tells the story of Ray as he thinks about everything he plans to do in retirement, once he finally has the time (only available free in the USA and Canada, so use a VPN) <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czWLD8H-k7s Retirement Plan - Behind the Scenes - Animation pt 1] <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGh8ImlXeik Retirement Plan - Behind the Scenes - Animation pt 2] <BR>

@@ Line 916: / Line 916: @@
 [https://emojipedia.org/ Emojipedia] <BR>
 [https://libguides.ala.org/filing-rules Filing Rules] for listing names beginning with Mc and Mac <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt47egKbdlqcUHUJ26vUvzS3ppuzLJV9n Flanders and Swann Playlist]<BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt47egKbdlqcUHUJ26vUvzS3ppuzLJV9n Flanders and Swann Playlist]<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr6luwrY2dw Flanders and Swann - Documentary by John Amis] <BR>
+https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cr6luwrY2dw Flanders and Swann - Documentary by John Amis] <BR>
 [https://www.trinet.com/insights/generations-in-the-workplace-boomers-gen-x-gen-y-and-gen-z-explained Generational Differences in the Workplace: Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z Explained]<BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRZGdvJQnPU Gyroscopic Precession] is Easier Than You Think!  <BR>
 [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/31/style/kilian-journet-states-of-elevation-14ers.html He Wants to Climb Nearly All of America’s Tallest Peaks. In a Month.] by Scott Cacciola  <BR>
 [https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/heilmeier-catechism Heilmeier's catechism for researchers] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/opinion/jk-rowling-transphobia.html In Defense of J.K. Rowling] (and read [https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-on-twitter-why-the-harry-potter-author-has-been-accused-of-transphobia-on-social-media-platforms-2877977 a full account of the controversy] by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman), and a more recent [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/apr/18/jk-rowling-harry-potter-gender-critical-campaigner update]  by Caroline Davies in The Guardian<BR>
+[https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/opinion/jk-rowling-transphobia.html In Defense of J.K. Rowling] (and read [https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-on-twitter-why-the-harry-potter-author-has-been-accused-of-transphobia-on-social-media-platforms-2877977 a full account of the controversy] by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman), and a more recent [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/apr/18/jk-rowling-harry-potter-gender-critical-campaigner update]  by Caroline Davies in The Guardian<BR>
 [http://xkcd.com/1185/ Ineffective Sorts] <BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCNuPcf8L00 Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech] <BR>
@@ Line 941: / Line 941: @@
 [https://online2pdf.com/reduce-pdf-file-size# Reduce PDF File Size] and [https://online2pdf.com/en/cut-pdf-pages-into-halves Cut PDF pages into halves]<BR>
 [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Mqa4zfJdx4&t=1s Retirement Plan] Animated short film by directed by John Kelly, voiced by Domhnall Gleeson, and nominated for an Oscar in 2026.  It tells the story of Ray as he thinks about everything he plans to do in retirement, once he finally has the time (only available free in the USA and Canada, so use a VPN) <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czWLD8H-k7s Retirement Plan - Behind the Scenes - Animation pt 1] <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czWLD8H-k7s Retirement Plan - Behind the Scenes - Animation pt 1] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGh8ImlXeik Retirement Plan - Behind the Scenes - Animation pt 2] <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AGh8ImlXeik Retirement Plan - Behind the Scenes - Animation pt 2] <BR>
 [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/89511/robert-frost-the-road-not-taken Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken] and how it is almost universally misunderstood <BR>
 [https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/RwandAir/RwandAir_WB_Airbus_A330-200.php RwandAir Airbus A330 Seat Plan]<BR>
@@ Line 954: / Line 954: @@
 [http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Four_Stages_of_Team_Development Teamwork]: The four stages of team development <BR>
 [https://ipdraughts.wordpress.com/2011/11/29/10-words-and-phrases-you-should-never-use-in-ip-contracts/ Ten words and phrases you should never use in IP contracts] <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_ML0xjiBm0 The Beatles, aka The White Album] on YouTube; [https://www.thewhitealbumproject.com/ The Beatles White Album Project] A comprehensive look at The Beatles self-title Double Album Masterpiece<BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_ML0xjiBm0 The Beatles, aka The White Album] on YouTube; [https://www.thewhitealbumproject.com/ The Beatles White Album Project] A comprehensive look at The Beatles self-title Double Album Masterpiece<BR>
 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sj8Sg8qnjOg The Golden Ratio] <BR>
 [http://www.phdcomics.com/comics/archive.php?comicid=1431 The Grant Cycle] <BR>

@@ Line 686: / Line 686: @@
 === Manipulation ===
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UbhIkDkUoc Matches experiment with anesthesia by Dr Roland Johansson] A demonstration of the importance of tactile sensing for manipulation <BR>
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UbhIkDkUoc Matches experiment with anesthesia by Dr Roland Johansson] A demonstration of the importance of tactile sensing for manipulation <BR>
 === Navigation ===

@@ Line 707: / Line 707: @@
 [https://www.human-robot-interaction.org/ Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction] An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović  <BR>
 [https://robots.ieee.org/ IEEE guide to the world of robots] (this is a new and improved version of what was already a great website)<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.ieee-ras.org/ras-university/ IEEE Robotics and Automation University (RAS-U)] <BR>
+[https://www.ieee-ras.org/ras-university/ IEEE Robotics and Automation University (RAS-U)] <BR>
 [https://robotsguide.com/ IEEE Spectrum robotics features ]<BR>
 [https://robohub.org/ RoboHub] All the latest news about robotics <BR>

@@ Line 681: / Line 681: @@
 [https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/anki-jibo-and-kuri-what-we-can-learn-from-social-robotics-failures  Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it] <BR>
 [https://www.awarri.com/ Awarri] "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent" <BR>
-[[file:new.jpg]] [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/19/inside-chinas-robotics-revolution Inside China’s robotics revolution] <BR>
+[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/19/inside-chinas-robotics-revolution Inside China’s robotics revolution] <BR>
 [https://blog.x.company/introducing-intrinsic-1cf35b87651 Intrinsic] a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics <BR>
 [https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/27/the-real-cost-of-robotics/ The real cost of robotics] <BR>

@@ Line 612: / Line 612: @@
 === Transformers ===
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/57a9b97477b67936298489e3c1417b0a-Paper-Conference.pdf Energy Transformer] NeurIPS 2023 (note: Energy Transformers are not the same as Energy-Based Transformers)<BR>
+[https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/57a9b97477b67936298489e3c1417b0a-Paper-Conference.pdf Energy Transformer] NeurIPS 2023 (note: Energy Transformers are not the same as Energy-Based Transformers)<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: Energy-Based Transformers are not the same as Energy Transformers)<BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: Energy-Based Transformers are not the same as Energy Transformers)<BR>
 [https://www.ai4europe.eu/research/research-bundles/multimodal-perception-and-interaction-transformers Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project <BR>
 [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/Courses/ACAI2021/Multimodal-Transformer-Tutorial.html Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021 <BR>

@@ Line 579: / Line 579: @@
 [https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) <BR>
 [https://www.lakera.ai/blog/what-is-in-context-learning What is In-context Learning, and how does it work: The Beginner’s Guide]<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/what-is-retrieval-augmented-generation/ What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG?] a blog by Nvidia; here is how [https://chat.langchain.com/ Chat LangChain] from [https://www.langchain.com/ LangChain] explains it using [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=4968c618-f1e0-4e81-8283-9ed861bf45aa Claude 3.5 Haiku], [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=efeffb11-a227-41fe-8d40-f5e21288a34b GPT4.1 Mini] and [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=fa410c08-9c35-4954-8b30-a2c961006c89 Gemini 2.0 Flash]<BR>
+[https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/what-is-retrieval-augmented-generation/ What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG?] a blog by Nvidia; here is how [https://chat.langchain.com/ Chat LangChain] from [https://www.langchain.com/ LangChain] explains it using [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=4968c618-f1e0-4e81-8283-9ed861bf45aa Claude 3.5 Haiku], [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=efeffb11-a227-41fe-8d40-f5e21288a34b GPT4.1 Mini] and [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=fa410c08-9c35-4954-8b30-a2c961006c89 Gemini 2.0 Flash]<BR>
 [https://ai.meta.com/blog/adapting-large-language-models-llms/ Methods for adapting large language models] from Meta <BR>
 [https://molmo.allenai.org/ Molmo] Multimodal Open Language Model built by [https://allenai.org/ Ai2] <BR>
 [https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07258 On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models] arXiv article <BR>
 === Physics Informed Machine Learning ===

@@ Line 557: / Line 557: @@
 (Also see [[#Vision-Language-Action_Models|Vision-Language-Action Models]] and [[#Limitations_of_AI|Limitations of AI]])
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://eng.bigai.ai/ Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)] "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" '''but not based on foundation models'''; <BR>
+[[https://eng.bigai.ai/ Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)] "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" '''but not based on foundation models'''; <BR>
 see also this insightful [https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2025/sep/16/song-chun-zhu-why-one-of-the-worlds-most-brilliant-ai-scientists-left-the-us-for-china article] about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 <BR>
+[https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 <BR>
 [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-wrote-this-article-gpt-3 A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?] GPT-3 <BR>
 [https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence<BR>

@@ Line 484: / Line 484: @@
 [https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-type-letters-with-accents-on-mac/ How to Type Letters with Accents on Mac]
 <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2-l3WvWvqg How to install Git on Windows 11] (you'll need Git if you want to install OpenCV on Windows 11 running in a Parallels MacBook virtual machine).
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t2-l3WvWvqg How to install Git on Windows 11] (you'll need Git if you want to install OpenCV on Windows 11 running in a Parallels MacBook virtual machine).
 <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://learn.arm.com/learning-paths/laptops-and-desktops/win-opencv/2-1-build-msvc/ How to install OpenCV for ARM64 on Windows 11] in a Parallels VM on a MacBook with Apple silicon
+[https://learn.arm.com/learning-paths/laptops-and-desktops/win-opencv/2-1-build-msvc/ How to install OpenCV for ARM64 on Windows 11] in a Parallels VM on a MacBook with Apple silicon
 <BR>
 Remember to update the path environment variable to include paths the bin and release directories: C:\opencv\build_msvc\bin and C:\opencv\build_msvc\bin\Release, and add a system environment variable OpenCV_DIR C:\opencv\build_msvc)
 <BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhdyItmtddQ How to install FLTK for ARM64 on Windows 11] in a Parallels VM on a MacBook with Apple silicon
+[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JhdyItmtddQ How to install FLTK for ARM64 on Windows 11] in a Parallels VM on a MacBook with Apple silicon
 <BR>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;When building new applications, remember to specify
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 &nbsp;&nbsp;C:/Program\ Files\ (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Lib/10.0.26100.0/um/arm64/WS2_32.lib<BR>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;C:/Program\ Files\ (x86)/Windows Kits/10/Lib/10.0.26100.0/um/arm64/comctl32.lib<BR>
-[[File:new.jpg]] [https://support.apple.com/en-us/102321 Rebuild the Spotlight index on your Mac] This fixes a problem when Finder fails to find files when searching for filenames containing a given text
+[https://support.apple.com/en-us/102321 Rebuild the Spotlight index on your Mac] This fixes a problem when Finder fails to find files when searching for filenames containing a given text
 <BR>