David Vernon's Wiki - New pages [en]

Cycling

2026-08-20T16:04:21Z

Dvernon: /* Events and Routes */

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== Articles ==
[https://www.cyclingabout.com/ Cycling About] with great articles 
[http://www.velominati.com/the-rules/ The Rules] 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cNmUNHSBac Most People Don't Know How Bikes Work] (and the need to counter-steer; see also this article on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRZGdvJQnPU gyroscopic precession]) 

== Bikes ==
[http://www.enigmabikes.com/ Enigma Bicycle Works] 
[https://www.storck-bikes.com/en Storck Bikes] 

== Bike Maintenance ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDk9sp5xRkA Crank & Bearing Removal and Installation - Campagnolo® Ultra-Torque™] 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hg8OYQJZ7VA FLAT! How to fix a tubular tire on the side of the road] 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfoCemoMCmg How to change Campagnolo hoods] 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MzIiv7pewE How to Wrap Handlebars for Road Bikes] 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcxRt-tCSmM How To Install A Campagnolo Rear Derailleur] 
[https://silca.cc/en-eu/pages/pro-tire-pressure-calculator SILCA Pro Tire Pressure Calculator] 
[https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/the-complete-guide-to-bottom-bracket-standards/ The complete guide to bottom bracket standards] 

== Bike Shops ==
[https://wolfis.ae/ Great Bike Shop in Dubai] 
[https://www.freewheeling.ie/ Great Bike Shop in Dublin] 
[https://tugende.rw/ Great Bike Shop in Kigali] 

== Equipment and Kit ==
[http://forum.ctc.org.uk/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=62500 Sturmey Archer S2C Duomatic] 
[http://www.musguard.com/#shop Musguard] 
[http://www.solestar.de/en/solestar-kontrol.html Carbonfibre-like Insoles] 
[http://www.thermosoles.eu/ Thermosoles] 
[https://www.assos.com/ Assos] 
[https://www.assosoutlet.com/eu/ Assos Factory Outlet] 
[http://www.peterwhitecycles.com/studdedtires.asp Guide to studded bike tyres] 
[https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2019/08/how-to-install-free-maps-on-your-garmin-edge.html How to install OpenStreetMap on your Garmin] 
[https://biketestreviews.com/3003-2/ Rotor Q-Rings review]and [https://www.trainingbible.com/joesblog/2007/04/q-rings.html here] is what Joe Friel thinks of them 
[https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2019/11/smart-trainer-review.html Tacx NEO 2T Smart Trainer In-Depth Review] 

== Events and Routes ==
[https://outsider.ie/challenges/road-cycling-events-ireland/ 11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland] 
[http://bit.ly/18aojnb Biking in Rwanda - Downloads and Interactive Maps] by Kaspar Kundert 
[https://www.cyclocalendar.com/home Cyclo Calendar] 
[http://www.donegalcycleroute.ie/ Donegal Cycle Route] 
[https://en.eurovelo.com/ev1 EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route] 
[http://www.gpsies.com/home.do#10_58.43263874789026_13.844833374023436_mapQuest GPSies Routes] including file format conversion, e.g. GPS to TCX. 
[http://www.sportcommunication.info/web2010/index.php?langue=2 Grand Trophee Cycling Events] 
[http://www.racearoundrwanda.com/ Race around Rwanda] with an alternative non-competitive Journey around Rwanda 
[https://www.waterwaysireland.org/our-waterways/royal-canal/royal-canal-greenway Royal Canal Greenway] and [https://www.waterwaysireland.org/getmedia/19bfa564-505c-41e2-af9c-eeccfeed489f/RC-Greenway-Guide-(3).pdf map] 
[http://www.vernon.eu/The-Complete-Guide-to-the-Congo-Nile-Trail-Ebook.pdf The Complete Guide to the Congo Nile Trail Ebook] 
[https://africageoportal.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=57bdc418eeab4cdf8d5b6b24a3e83600 The Congo Nile Trail] with satellite maps and elevation profiles for each stage. 
[https://ruminationsfromrwanda.blog/2019/07/21/basic-kinyarwanda-for-the-congo-nile-trail-and-beyond/ Basic Kinyarwanda for the Congo Nile Trail and Beyond] 
[https://www.ringofkerrycycle.ie/ The Ring of Kerry Charity Cycle] and the route on [https://www.strava.com/routes/1469061 Strava] 
[http://vernon.eu/WAW2024.htm The Wild Atlantic Way] 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://tourdebeara.ie/ Tour de Beara website] and [https://ridewithgps.com/routes/30907734 route on Ride with GPS] 
[http://vatternrundan.se/ Vätternrundan in Sweden] 
[http://www.wicklow200.ie/ Wicklow 200] 

== Guides and Rentals ==
[http://www.corkbikerental.com/best-touring-bike-rentals-in-cork-ireland.php Cork Bike Rental] Ireland 
[https://luccacyclingclub.com/ Lucca Cycling Club] Italy 

== Nutrition ==
[http://www.mendosa.com/gilistold.htm Glycemic Index Lists] 
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905295/ Regulation of Muscle Glycogen Repletion, Muscle Protein Synthesis and Repair Following Exercise] 

== Organizations ==
[http://www.randonneurs.se/ Randonneurs Sverige] 

== Services ==
[https://englishcyclist.com/ The English Cyclist] Modern Cycling Prints 
[https://gotoes.org/strava/Combine_GPX_TCX_FIT_Files.php Combine FIT, GPX, CSV or TCX files for Strava or Garmin]

Robotics

2026-08-20T15:56:04Z

Dvernon: /* Predictive WAM */

(Also see [[Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[Machine_Learning|Machine Learning]] 
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== Cognitive Robotics ==
[https://www.ieee-ras.org/cognitive-robotics/ IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics] 
[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] (a separate list of links) 

== Competitions ==
[http://parcrobotics.org/ PARC - Pan-African Robotics Competition] 

== Conferences ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md7YSiNI0aA IROS 2024 Opening Ceremony Video] 

== Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion ==
[https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/wie/ieee-ras-women-in-robotics-panel-discussion Best Practices in Robotics Education] IEEE RAS Women in Robotics Panel Discussion 
[https://www.ieee-ras.org/membership/dei-committee IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee] and [https://www.ieee-ras.org/about-ras/governance/member-activities-board/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-committee-dei/ Committee Members] 
[https://www.ieee-ras.org/membership/dei-committee/idea-travel-support/ IDEA: Inclusion, Diversity, Equity & Accessibility Travel Support RAS Conferences] 
[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10355145 IDEA: A New Initiative to Foster Diversity and Inclusion in the Robotics and Automation Society - Women in Engineering] 
[https://blackinrobotics.org/ Black in Robotics] Building Community, Advocating for Diversity, Encouraging Accountability 
[https://robohub.org/iros2020-black-in-robotics-special-series/ Black in Robotics Special Series at IROS 2020 ] 
[https://www.science.org/toc/scirobotics/9/97 Science Robotics Special Issue: Highlighting diversity, equity, and inclusion in the field of robotics] 
[https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics 
[https://www.womeninrobotics.org/ Women in Robotics] 

== Featured Robots ==
[https://beatbots.net Beatbots], including Keepon Pro 
[https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-smart-robot-car-kit-v-4-0 Elegoo robot car] 
[https://www.elegoo.com/collections/robot-kits/products/elegoo-tumbller-self-balancing-robot-car Elegoo Tumbller] 
[https://www.hardware-x.com/article/S2468-0672(20)30026-2/fulltext Eva: facially expressive humanoid robotic head] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OtEKPKdVaI demonstration video] 
[https://www.franka.de/ Franka Emika Robot] 
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/haru-an-experimental-social-robot-from-honda-research Haru: An Experimental Social Robot From Honda Research] 
[https://edu.irobot.com/what-we-offer/create-robot iRobot Create 2] 
[https://edu.irobot.com/create3 iRobot Create 3] 
[https://www.robotshop.com/en/lynxmotion-al5d-4-degrees-of-freedom-robotic-arm-combo-kit-no-software.html Lynxmotion AL5D 4DOF Robot Arm] 
[https://store.makeblock.com/ Makeblock] robot kits 
[https://www.mecademic.com/ Meca500 robot arm] 
[https://www.quanser.com/products/qarm/ Quanser QArm] 4 dof 
[https://www.zimmerbiomet.com/en/products-and-solutions/zb-edge/robotics/rosa-brain.html# ROSA ONE Brain]: a robotic platform to assist surgeons in planning and performing complex neurosurgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner 

== Humanoid Robots ==
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/04/technology/humanoid-robots-1x.html Invasion of the Home Humanoid Robots] New York Times (read carefully; it's not what it appears to be) 
[https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/sep/22/its-the-robot-we-were-all-expecting-like-c3po-why-arent-humanoids-in-our-homes-yet "It’s the robot we were all expecting – like C3PO": why aren’t humanoids in our homes yet?] 
[https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0219843623500226 The Importance of Being Humanoid] 

== Industry ==
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/anki-jibo-and-kuri-what-we-can-learn-from-social-robotics-failures Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it] 
[https://www.awarri.com/ Awarri] "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent" 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/mar/19/inside-chinas-robotics-revolution Inside China’s robotics revolution] 
[https://blog.x.company/introducing-intrinsic-1cf35b87651 Intrinsic] a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics 
[https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/27/the-real-cost-of-robotics/ The real cost of robotics] 

== Manipulation ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UbhIkDkUoc Matches experiment with anesthesia by Dr Roland Johansson] A demonstration of the importance of tactile sensing for manipulation 

== Navigation ==
[https://www.redblobgames.com/pathfinding/a-star/introduction.html A* Algorithm]: a great place to begin 
[http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/ A* Pages]: super place to learn more 
[https://www.growingwiththeweb.com/projects/pathfinding-visualiser/ A* algorithm graphic interactive demo] 
[https://www.kevanahlquist.com/osm_pathfinding/ Pathfinding in maps]: graphic interactive demo of 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR3U1dgc5RE Path planning with A* and RRT & RRT*] 

== Origins ==
[https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/12/19/138508/mighty-mouse/ Theseus] Claude E. Shannon's 1950 maze-learning mouse robot 

== Research ==
[https://ease-crc.org/ EASE - Everyday Activity Science & Engineering]: how human-scale manipulation tasks can be mastered by robotic agents 
[http://www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk/~mcpetrou/V19N4O97.htm Maria Petrou's Ironing Robot Challenge] 

== Resources ==
[https://github.com/Kiloreux/awesome-robotics Awesome Robotics]: a list of various books, courses and other resources for robotics 
[[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] separate list of links 
[https://www.human-robot-interaction.org/ Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction] An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović 
[https://robots.ieee.org/ IEEE guide to the world of robots] (this is a new and improved version of what was already a great website) 
[https://www.ieee-ras.org/ras-university/ IEEE Robotics and Automation University (RAS-U)] 
[https://robotsguide.com/ IEEE Spectrum robotics features ] 
[https://robohub.org/ RoboHub] All the latest news about robotics 
[https://www.theconstructsim.com/ The Construct] A Platform to Learn/Teach Robotics from Zero. Everything from robotics theory to ROS based robot programming 
[http://roboticsprimer.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page The Robotics Primer Workbook] 

== Robot Learning ==

[https://www.i-aida.org/resources/robot-learning/ Robot Learning] a talk by Jan Peters 
[https://sites.google.com/view/hirl-education/home Human-Interactive Robot Learning] a course developed in [https://www.humane-ai.eu/project/tmp-038/ Micro Project TMP-038] as part of the [https://www.humane-ai.eu HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence] (click the Home text at the top-right of the page to access the slides) 

== ROS ==
[https://www.cse.sc.edu/~jokane/agitr/ A Gentle Introduction to ROS] 

== Shops ==
[https://www.active-robots.com/ Active Robots] online shop 

== Simulators ==
[https://pybullet.org/wordpress/ Bullet Real-Time Physics Simulation] 

== Societal Impact and Ethics ==
[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/world-economic-forum-automation-create-jobs-employment-robots Here’s why robots are actually going to increase human employment] 
[https://clawar.org/icres2023/ International Conference Series on Robot Ethics and Standards] 
[https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20210701125353/https://epsrc.ukri.org/research/ourportfolio/themes/engineering/activities/principlesofrobotics/ Principles of Robotics] 

== STEM Education ==
[https://meetedison.com/ Edison] 
[https://www.wpi.edu/sites/default/files/docs/Offices/Dean-of-Engineering/Kenechukwu%20Mbanisi%20-%20Promoting%20Innovation%20in%20Rwanda%20through%20Robotics%20Education.pdf Promoting Innovation in Rwanda through Robotics Education] 
[https://www.create-learn.us/blog/stem-robotics/ STEM Robotics] 
[https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-57786-9 Robotics in STEM Education: Redesigning the Learning Experience] 
[https://tech.ed.gov/stem/ Nine dimensions of STEM learning that can be supported by digital technologies] [https://tech.ed.gov/files/2019/10/stem-innovation-spotlights-research-synthesis.pdf PDF Report] (2019) 
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10956-016-9628-2 Using Robotics and Game Design to Enhance Children’s Self-Efficacy, STEM Attitudes, and Computational Thinking Skills] (2016) 
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10798-015-9310-7 Experiential learning of electronics subject matter in middle school robotics courses] (2015) 
[https://www.shaperobotics.com/ Shape Robotics] Fable robot 
[https://www.kookaburra.com.au/robotics Robotics in Australian Schools] with extensive list of robot resources, including Sphero, Edison, Ozobot, Makeblock, Bee-bot, Tetrix, Botley, Blue-bot, Cozmo, Strawbees 
[https://tech-labs.com/products/stem-robotics-education Tech-Labs] STEM Robotics Education 
[https://www.steamconnection.org/ The Steam Connection] building the future, one robot at a time 
[https://coderina.org/first-programs/ Coderina] Engaging Youth in STEM Exploration with FIRST® LEGO® League 
[https://www.facebook.com/p/Keza-Education-Future-Lab-100076079992000/ Keza Education Future Lab] for kids aged 3 to 14 
[http://creativity.rw/ Creativity Lab] STEM education using robots 
[https://www.linkedin.com/posts/giz-rwanda_expression-of-interest-activity-7143160663555702784-ibzY/ Design Challenge: Call for proposals to design a robotics program and toolkit to be implemented in Rwandan school curricula] and the resultant [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/rwandaict_nationalroboticsprogram-activity-7240653764871782400-WX0Z/ pilot program] with a post on [https://x.com/RwandaICT/status/1834888620534104561 X] 
[https://foundation.ghanarobotics.org/ Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation] 

== Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ==
[https://www.sustainablerobotics.org/ Sustainable Robotics] 

== Vision-Language-Action Models (VLA) ==
(Also see [[Machine_Learning#Foundation_Models:_Large_Language_Models_.26_Multimodal_Models|Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal_Models]], [[Robotics#World_Action_Models_.28WAM.29|World_Action_Models]], and [[Artificial_Intelligence#Limitations_and_Dangers_of_Generative_AI|Limitations of and Dangers of Generative AI]])

[File:new.jpg]] [https://mbreuss.github.io/blog_post_iclr_26_vla.html State of VLA Research at ICLR 2026] by M. Reuss 
[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2023/02/ChatGPT___Robotics.pdf ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilities] Microsoft article 
[https://blog.research.google/2023/03/palm-e-embodied-multimodal-language.html PaLM-E: An embodied multimodal language model]; also see [https://palm-e.github.io/ palm-e.github.io] 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06817 RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale] arXiv article on RT-1 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuKAp9a6wMs Supplementary video for RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale] Video 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15818 RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control] arXiv article on RT-2 
[https://robotics-transformer2.github.io/ RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models] RT-2 website 
[https://www.deepmind.com/blog/rt-2-new-model-translates-vision-and-language-into-action RT-2: New model translates vision and language into action] Google DeepMind Blog 
[https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/scaling-up-learning-across-many-different-robot-types/ RT-X: Scaling up learning across many different robot types] 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01691 Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances] arXiv article on SayCan 
[https://say-can.github.io/ Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances] SayCan website 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.08864 Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models] arXiv article on Open X-Embodiment 
[https://robotics-transformer-x.github.io/ Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models] Open X-Embodiment Website 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq_DcZ_xc_E Using an LLM to direct our robot Digit] Agility Robotics video 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07843 Foundation Models in Robotics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future by Firoozi et al. on ArXiV] and now in the [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02783649241281508 International Journal of Robotics Research 2024] 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00055 LEAP: LLM-Generation of Egocentric Action Programs] 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14379 Robot Learning in the Era of Foundation Models: A Survey] arXiv article 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08782 Toward General-Purpose Robots via Foundation Models: A Survey and Meta-Analysis] arXiv article 
[https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-024-00862-2 Will generative AI transform robotics?] Nature Machine Intelligence 
[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.aea7390 Good old-fashioned engineering can close the 100,000-year “data gap” in robotics] Ken Goldberg, Science Robotics 
[https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.aea7897#core-R5-1 “Data will solve robotics and automation: True or false?”: A debate] Nancy Amato et al., Science Robotics 

== World Action Models (WAM) ==
=== Generative WAM ===
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://youtu.be/3Y8aq_ofEVs Robotics' End Game], a talk by Jim Fan, Leader of the embodied autonomous research group at Nvidia, at [https://sequoiacap.com/article/ai-ascent-2026/ AI Ascent 2026] 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.eventual.ai/blog/vlas-are-dead-long-live-world-action-models VLAs are dead, long live World Action Models - a summary of Jim Fan's Robotics End Game talk, AI Ascent 2026] by Y. K. Sugi 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/beyond-vlas-how-world-action-models-reshape-robot-manipulation/ Beyond VLAs: How World Action Models Reshape Robot Manipulation] by S. Babamohamadi 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/glossary/world-action-model/ What Is a World Action Model?] by Nvidia 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://research.nvidia.com/labs/cosmos-lab/cosmos3/ Cosmos 3 Omnimodal World Models for Physical AI] by Nvidia 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15922 World Action Models are Zero-shot Policies] by S. Ye et al., arXiv:2602.15922, 2026. 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://people.idsia.ch/~juergen/world-model-boom.html The Neural World Model Boom] by Jürgen Schmidhuber. 

=== Predictive WAM ===
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.are.na/block/17020750 A Path Towards Autonomous Machine Intelligence] by Y. LeCun, OpenReview, 2022, introducing Joint Embedding Predictive Architecture (JEPA) and Hierarchical JEPA (H-JEPA) 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://kti.mff.cuni.cz/~bartak/ui_seminar/talks/YannLeCun-sagova.pdf Overview of Yann LeCun's A Path Towards Autonomous Machine Intelligence] by S. Ságová 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/ad292b Introduction to latent variable energy-based models: a path toward autonomous machine intelligence] by A. Dawid and Y. LeCun, Journal of Statistical Mechanics, 2024. 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.09985 JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planning] by M. Assran et al., arXiv:2506.09985v1, 2025. 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://people.idsia.ch/~juergen/who-invented-jepa.html Who invented "JEPA?”] by Jürgen Schmidhuber. 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.10122 World Models] by David Ha and Jürgen Schmidhuber, arXiv:1803.10122, 2018.

Machine Learning

2026-08-20T13:28:04Z

Dvernon: /* Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models */

(Also see [[Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[Robotics|Robotics]]) 
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== Bayesian Approaches ==
[https://machinelearningmastery.com/introduction-to-bayesian-belief-networks/ A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks] 

== Books and Resources ==
[https://acems.org.au/data-science-machine-learning-book-download Data Science and Machine Learning]; free book to download 
[http://www.deeplearningbook.org/ Deep Learning] by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville 
[https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" 
[http://www.mbmlbook.com/index.html Model-based Machine Learning], co-authored by Chris Bishop, and the related [https://dotnet.github.io/infer/ Infer.NET] framework running Bayesian inference in graphical models 
[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bishop-MBML-2012.pdf Model-based Machine Learning Companion Paper], C. M. Bishop, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2013 371: 20120222; see Section 4. for an overview of probabilistic graphical models. 
[https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine. 

== Comparisons ==
[https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_classifier_comparison.html Classifier Comparison] with instructive visualization 
[https://www.wired.com/video/watch/5-levels-machine-learning Computer Scientist Explains Machine Learning in 5 Levels of Difficulty] 
[https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/ Neural Network Zoo] from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute 
[https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works 

== Datasets ==
[https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" 
[https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data Kaggle Facial Expression Recognition dataset FER13] 

== Deep Learning ==
[https://machinelearningmastery.com/what-is-deep-learning/ Deep Learning] overview 
[http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/ Neural Networks and Deep Learning] 
[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.07800.pdf On the Origin of Deep Learning] Haohan Wang and Bhiksha Raj 
[http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/lecun-98.pdf The original paper on the CNN] by Yann LeCun, Leon Bottio, Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner 

== Environments ==
[https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google 
[https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" 
[https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-5/ Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection] (including the use of LSTM) 

== Ethical Issues ==
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy] 
[https://www.gwern.net/Tanks The Tank Story] 

== Gaussian Processes ==
[https://distill.pub/2019/visual-exploration-gaussian-processes/ Gaussian processes] - Visual exploration of Gaussian processes 
[http://www.infinitecuriosity.org/vizgp/ Gaussian processes] - Interactive Gaussian process visualization 
[http://gaussianprocess.org/gpml/ Gaussian processes] - Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006) 
[https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~duvenaud/cookbook/ Gaussian processes] - The Kernel Cookbook: Advice on Covariance functions 
[https://towardsdatascience.com/an-intuitive-guide-to-gaussian-processes-ec2f0b45c71d Gaussian processes] - An intuitive guide to Gaussian processes 
[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.10862.pdf Gaussian processes] - An Intuitive Tutorial to Gaussian Processes Regression (Wang, 2022) 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vGiHC35j9s Gaussian processes] - Introduction to Gaussian Processes Video Lecture (Nando de Freitas, 2013) 

== Generative Adversarial Networks ==
[https://medium.com/@jonathan_hui/gan-gan-series-2d279f906e7b GAN Series]; comprehensive overview of Generative Adversarial Networks 

== Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models ==
(Also see [[Robotics#Vision-Language-Action_Models_.28VLA.29|Vision-Language-Action Models]], [[Robotics#World_Action_Models_.28WAM.29|World_Action_Models]], and [[Artificial_Intelligence#Limitations_and_Dangers_of_Generative_AI|Limitations and Dangers of Generative AI]])

[https://eng.bigai.ai/ Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)]] "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" '''but not based on foundation models'''; 
see also this insightful [https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2025/sep/16/song-chun-zhu-why-one-of-the-worlds-most-brilliant-ai-scientists-left-the-us-for-china article] about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 
[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-wrote-this-article-gpt-3 A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?] GPT-3 
[https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/oct/19/music-lawsuit-ai-song-lyrics-anthropic Music publishers sue Amazon-backed AI company over song lyrics] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/10/sarah-silverman-sues-openai-meta-copyright-infringement Sarah Silverman sues OpenAI and Meta claiming AI training infringed copyright] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/18/meta-ai-llama3-release Meta steps up AI battle with OpenAI and Google with release of Llama 3] 
[https://openai.com/index/dall-e-3/ DALL·E 3] Generative AI image creation from OpenAI 
[https://www.3blue1brown.com/lessons/mini-llm Large Language Models explained briefly] by Grant Sanderson, [https://www.3blue1brown.com/ 3Blue1Brown] 
[https://stability.ai/news/stable-diffusion-3 Stable Diffusion] Generative AI image creation from Stability AI 
[https://updates.midjourney.com/version-6-1/ Midjourney] Generative AI image creation from from Midjourney Inc. 
[https://openai.com/index/gpt-4/ GPT-4] and [https://chatgpt.com/ ChatGPT] from OpenAI 
[https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3-1/ Llama 3] from Meta 
[https://gemini.google.com/ Gemini] (formerly known as BARD) from Google 
[https://www.wired.com/story/lamda-sentient-ai-bias-google-blake-lemoine/ LaMDA and the Sentient AI Trap] 
[https://humane-ai.dice.aalto.fi/ Collaborative AI Arena] Benchmarking collaborative capabilities of AI in the wild 
[https://truereason.app/chat TrueReason AI Tutor Demo] 
[https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/three-things-to-know-about-prompting-llms/ Three Things to Know About Prompting LLMs] 
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) 
[https://www.lakera.ai/blog/what-is-in-context-learning What is In-context Learning, and how does it work: The Beginner’s Guide] 
[https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/what-is-retrieval-augmented-generation/ What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG?] a blog by Nvidia; here is how [https://chat.langchain.com/ Chat LangChain] from [https://www.langchain.com/ LangChain] explains it using [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=4968c618-f1e0-4e81-8283-9ed861bf45aa Claude 3.5 Haiku], [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=efeffb11-a227-41fe-8d40-f5e21288a34b GPT4.1 Mini] and [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=fa410c08-9c35-4954-8b30-a2c961006c89 Gemini 2.0 Flash] 
[https://ai.meta.com/blog/adapting-large-language-models-llms/ Methods for adapting large language models] from Meta 
[https://molmo.allenai.org/ Molmo] Multimodal Open Language Model built by [https://allenai.org/ Ai2] 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07258 On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models] arXiv article 
[https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/mamba-model What is a Mamba model?] 

== Physics Informed Machine Learning ==
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoFW2uSd3Uo High Level Overview of AI and ML in Science and Engineering] 

== Recurrent Neural Networks ==
[https://towardsdatascience.com/illustrated-guide-to-lstms-and-gru-s-a-step-by-step-explanation-44e9eb85bf21 Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation] 
[https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-1/ Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks] 
[https://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf The original paper on the LSTM] by Sepp Hochreiter and Jürgen Schmidhuber 
[http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks] a blog by Andrej Karpathy 
[https://karpathy.github.io/ Andrej Karpathy's Blog] 
[http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/ Understanding LSTMs] 

== Reinforcement Learning ==
[https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] 
[https://bair.berkeley.edu/blog/2017/09/12/learning-to-optimize-with-rl/ Learning to Optimize with Reinforcement Learning] and learning to learn 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01885 Learning to Optimize] 

== Robot Learning ==
[https://www.i-aida.org/resources/robot-learning/ Robot Learning] a talk by Jan Peters 
[https://sites.google.com/view/hirl-education/home Human-Interactive Robot Learning] a course developed in [https://www.humane-ai.eu/project/tmp-038/ Micro Project TMP-038] as part of the [https://www.humane-ai.eu HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence] (click the Home text at the top-right of the page to access the slides) 

== Self-Supervised Learning ==
[https://project.inria.fr/paiss/files/2018/07/zisserman-self-supervised.pdf Self-supervised Learning] Andrew Zisserman 
[https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0]; the slides from his ISCC talk are
[https://twitter.com/ylecun/status/1097532314614034433 here] and the video of the talk is [http://isscc.org/2019-videos/ here] 

== Transformers ==
[https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/57a9b97477b67936298489e3c1417b0a-Paper-Conference.pdf Energy Transformer] NeurIPS 2023 (note: Energy Transformers are not the same as Energy-Based Transformers) 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: Energy-Based Transformers are not the same as Energy Transformers) 
[https://www.ai4europe.eu/research/research-bundles/multimodal-perception-and-interaction-transformers Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project 
[http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/Courses/ACAI2021/Multimodal-Transformer-Tutorial.html Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021 
[http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/TransformerTools.pdf Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Research Tools 
[http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/ReseachChallengesDataSets.pdf Multimodal Perception with Transformers] Research Challenges and Data Sets 
[https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar

Artificial Intelligence

2026-08-20T12:50:33Z

Dvernon: /* AI in Society */

(Also see [[Machine_Learning|Machine Learning]] and [[Robotics|Robotics]]) 
__TOC__
[[File:new.jpg]] signifies a recently added item

== Origins ==
[https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1904 A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955] 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://spectrum.ieee.org/70-years-of-artificial-intelligence Commemorating 70 Years of Artificial Intelligence Tracing AI’s journey from research project to transformative tech] 
[https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/950 Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: AAAI Presidential Address] Raj Reddy (1988) 
[https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2020/04/27/12-ai-milestones-4-mycin-an-expert-system-for-infectious-disease-therapy/?sh=28c9fe6676e5 MYCIN expert system for infectious disease therapy] A milestone in AI 
[http://www.shortliffe.net/Buchanan-Shortliffe-1984/MYCIN%20Book.htm MYCIN Book] 
[https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Natural selection and the emergence of mind] Speech by Karl Popper about Charles Darwin 
[https://rintintin.colorado.edu/~vancecd/phil201/Searle.pdf The Chinese Room] 

== AI in Society ==

[[AI Act Tutorial]], prepared by [https://www.ru.nl/en/people/hildebrandt-m Mireille Hildebrandt], Radboud University, for the [[#HumanE-AI-net | HumanE-AI-net]] European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence.
 
[https://www.ai-fora.de/about/ AI FORA - AI for Assessment] 
[https://ai4good.org/ AI for Good Foundation] 
[https://aiforgood.itu.int/ AI for Good Global Summit] 
[[AI in Europe]] 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/26/technology/ai-elections-democracy.html A.I. Is Starting to Wear Down Democracy] New York Times 
[http://www.vernon.eu/AIML03.htm Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Africa] 
[[Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Machine Learning in Africa]] 
[https://blackinai.github.io/#/ Black in AI] 
[https://www.cooperativeai.com/ Cooperative AI] Foundation 
[https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/data-embassies-digital-sovereignty-explained-mashael-basakran-qxqqe/ Data Embassies and Digital Sovereignty Explained] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/06/mercy-anita-african-workers-ai-artificial-intelligence-exploitation-feeding-machine Feeding the Machine: The Hidden Human Labour Powering AI (edited extract)] and [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/06/james-muldoon-mark-graham-callum-cant-ai-artificial-intelligence-human-work-exploitation-fairwork-feeding-machine An interview with the authors] 
[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421/full From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all] Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article 
[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01694-1 Human-centric AI: philosophical and community-centric considerations] featuring Ubuntu philosophy and maximum feasible participation 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/26/well/is-ai-validation-healthy.html Next Time You Consult an A.I. Chatbot, Remember One Thing] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/news/article/2024/aug/08/no-god-in-the-machine-the-pitfalls-of-ai-worship No god in the machine: the pitfalls of AI worship] 
[https://oecd.ai/dashboards OECD National AI policies & strategies] 
[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/ The Fourth Industrial Revolution - what it means and how to respond] 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/02/opinion/ai-us-china.html The One Danger That Should Unite the U.S. and China]; also see [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/03/opinion/us-china-ai-trust.html Tom Friedman’s A.I. Nightmare and What the U.S. Can Do to Avoid It] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy] 
[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14108-y The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals] Nature Communications (2020) 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260930-metas-new-ai-is-about-to-break-the-internet 'Things may get ugly': Meta's new AI Muse is about to make the internet more annoying] 
[https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf White Paper on Artificial Intelligence] from the European Commission 

== AI in Business ==
[https://landing.ai/resources/ai-transformation-playbook/ AI Transformation Playbook] 
[https://hbr.org/2018/01/artificial-intelligence-for-the-real-world Artificial Intelligence for the Real World] A Harvard Business Review perspective on using artificial cognitive capabilities in business 
[https://hbr.org/2019/02/how-to-choose-your-first-ai-project How to choose your first AI project] Andrew Ng in Harvard Business Review 2019 
[https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf Sizing the prize What's the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?] PWC report 
[https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2025/05/26/why-we-decided-to-relocate-the-headquarters-of-our-ai-company-from-the-us-to-ireland/ Why we decided to relocate the headquarters of our AI company from the US to Ireland]
An op-ed by Daryll Williams, Founder, CEO, and Chief Scientist of [https://partsol.com/ Partsol], articulating a visionary stance on the importance of the European AI Act, and the benefits of a symbiosis of innovation and regulation in AI, especially where trustworthy AI is paramount (pdf version [http://www.vernon.eu/downloads/AI_Op-Ed_by_Darryl_Williams.pdf here]). 

== AI Education ==
[https://ai-4-all.org/ AI4ALL] 
[http://AI4K12.org AI4K12] 
[https://www.firstinspires.org/ FIRST: A global robotics community preparing young people for the future] 
[https://courses.minnalearn.com/ MinnaLearn] Three popular courses: Elements of AI, Building AI, and AI for Built Environment 
[[https://neuromatch.io/neuroscience/ Neuromatch Academy]: courses on [https://neuromatch.io/computational-neuroscience-course/ computational neuroscience], [https://neuromatch.io/neuroai-course/ neuroAI], and [https://neuromatch.io/deep-learning-course/ deep learning]. NB: course costs are dependent on location (e.g., cost for students in Rwanda are ten times less than costs for students in Ireland). 
[https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2020/02/12/how-to-teach-artificial-intelligence/#7de1b8135eac Teaching AI to young people] 
[https://wiki.pathmind.com/ The Artificial Intelligence Wiki] A Beginner’s Guide to Important Topics in AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. 
[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382456 Inside AI: An Algorithmic Adventure]. Published by UNESCO, this is a graphic novel, for people who want to understand AI and its impact on society. Note: this is an intentionally inclusive book, in all the best senses of the term. For that alone, it's worth reading. 

== State of AI ==
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-index-2025 12 Graphs That Explain the State of AI in 2025] 
[https://aiindex.stanford.edu/ The AI Index 2025] Stanford University - Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence 
[https://www.muhai.org/blog/12-artificial-intelligence/12-ai-at-a-crossroads AI at a Crossroads.] 
[https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/ganeshm/GrandChallengesAIMagazineSpring2021.pdf Artificial Intelligence’s Grand Challenges: Past, Present, and Future] Ganesh Mani (2021). 
[http://www.vernon.eu/AIML01.htm Artificial Intelligence - Past, Present, and Future.] 
[https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/wot7mkc1/release/9 Artificial Intelligence — The Revolution Hasn’t Happened Yet] by Michael I. Jordan, with commentaries 
[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.08630.pdf Cooperative AI] Open Problems. 
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-and-psychology-researchers-debate-the-future-of-deep-learning Will the Future of AI Learning Depend More on Nature or Nurture?] Yann LeCun and Gary Marcus debate 
[https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/06/29/business/ai-video-deepfake-google-veo-3-quiz.html A.I. Videos Have Never Been Better. Can You Tell What’s Real?] 
[https://ai-2027.com/#narrative-2027-09-30 AI 2027] D. Kokotajlo, S. Alexander, T. Larsen, E. Lifland, and R. Dean "predict that the impact of superhuman AI over the next decade will be enormous, exceeding that of the Industrial Revolution" 
[https://karpathy.github.io/2022/03/14/lecun1989/ Deep Neural Nets: 33 years ago and 33 years from now] a blog by Andrej Karpathy 

== Limitations and Dangers of Generative AI ==
(But also see [[Machine_Learning#Foundation_Models:_Large_Language_Models_.26_Multimodal_Models|Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal_Models]], [[Robotics#World_Action_Models_.28WAM.29|World_Action_Models]], and [[Robotics#Vision-Language-Action_Models|Vision-Language-Action Models]])

[https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197285 AI has a loose relationship with the truth] Jaime Fernández Fisac, IEEE Spectrum ([https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-misinformation-llm-bullshit longer version]) 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/05/technology/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-google.html A.I. Is Getting More Powerful, but Its Hallucinations Are Getting Worse] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jun/06/microsofts-kate-crawford-ai-is-neither-artificial-nor-intelligent "AI is neither artificial nor intelligent"] Interview with Kate Crawford, author of [https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300209570/atlas-ai Atlas of AI] 
[https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1045339.1045340 Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity] Drew McDermott's old (1974) but still relevant plea for more critical self-appraisal by AI researchers (see, especially, the last section "Benediction"). 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/dec/31/ai-assisted-plagiarism-chatgpt-bot-says-it-has-an-answer-for-that AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that] - ChatGPT: '''"It looks like a confident bullshitter that can write very convincing nonsense".''' 
[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/03/botshit-generative-ai-imminent-threat-democracy Beware the ‘botshit’: why generative AI is such a real and imminent threat to the way we live] 
[https://medium.com/@chiayewken/mistakes-of-microsofts-new-bing-can-chatgpt-like-generative-models-guarantee-factual-accuracy-5ec82a7453f4 Can ChatGPT-like Generative Models Guarantee Factual Accuracy? On the Mistakes of Microsoft’s New Bing] 
[https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-computers-learn-common-sense Can computers learn common sense?] 
[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kDSERnROv5FgHbVN8z_bXH9gak2IXRtoqz0nwhrviCw/edit#gid=1302320625 ChatGPT/LLM Errors] 
[https://emaggiori.com/chatgpt-fails/ ChatGPT fails] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/26/chatgpt-generated-crochet-pattern-results Crochet enthusiasts asked ChatGPT for patterns. The results are ‘cursed’] 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.19466v1 Epistemological Fault Lines Between Human and Artificial Intelligence] This arXiv article nails the core weakness of LLMs and generative AI 
[https://github.com/ErnestDavis/LLM-Failures/wiki Ernest Davis LLM-Failures wiki] 
[https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421/full From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all] Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article 
[https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence 
[https://www.theguardian.com/news/2026/sep/01/if-you-build-something-vastly-smarter-than-you-it-better-be-on-your-side-can-we-stop-ai-from-deceiving-us ‘If you build something vastly smarter than you, it better be on your side’: can we stop AI from deceiving us?]; also see [https://blog.apaonline.org/2025/08/29/generative-ai-and-four-types-of-deception/ Generative AI and Four Types of Deception] 
[https://github.com/giuven95/chatgpt-failures LLM failure archive (ChatGPT and beyond)] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/apr/01/misinformation-mistakes-and-the-pope-in-a-puffer-what-rapidly-evolving-ai-can-and-cant-do Misinformation, mistakes and the Pope in a puffer: what rapidly evolving AI can – and can’t – do] 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/26/well/is-ai-validation-healthy.html Next Time You Consult an A.I. Chatbot, Remember One Thing] 
[http://jmc.stanford.edu/artificial-intelligence/reviews/haugeland.html Review of John Haugland's "Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea"] by John McCarthy 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/16/the-stupidity-of-ai-artificial-intelligence-dall-e-chatgpt The Stupidity of AI] ChatGPT is "inherently stupid ... it has no relation to reality whatsoever." 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyyL0yDhr7I&t=244s This is not the AI we were promised | The Royal Society] Michael Woolridge's 2025 Faraday Prize Lecture (if you're short of time, fast forward to [https://youtu.be/CyyL0yDhr7I?t=2788 here]) 
[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c89n0xykw2go US admits 'unfortunate error' after mislabelling countries on map of Africa] (which was generated with an AI tool) 
[https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/uKp6tBFStnsvrot5t/what-dall-e-2-can-and-cannot-do What DALL-E 2 can and cannot do] by LessWrong. Notice in the first image the physical implausibility of the mannequin fingers morphing into folds in the dress. 
[https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/what-to-expect-when-youre-expecting What to Expect When You’re Expecting … GPT-4] by Gary Marcus (who, in 2022, makes seven accurate predictions about the weaknesses of yet-to-be-released GPT-4). 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/09/crosswords/why-youre-better-than-a-computer-at-solving-connections.html Why You’re Better Than a Computer at Solving Connections] Shafik Quoraishee, New York Times 

== Ethics in AI ==
[https://www.ajl.org/ Algorithmic Justice League] 
[https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/assessment-list-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence-altai-self-assessment Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for self-assessment] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] 
[https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419 Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI] from the European Commission 
[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/ Ethical issues in AI] 
[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2018.0080 Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges] 
[https://clawar.org/conference-proceedings/icres-conference/ International Conference on Robot Ethics and Standards ICRES] 

== European Union AI Act ==
[[AI Act Tutorial]], prepared by [https://www.ru.nl/en/people/hildebrandt-m Mireille Hildebrandt], Radboud University, for the [[#HumanE-AI-net | HumanE-AI-net]] European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence (also available on the [https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/tutorial-on-the-proposal-for-an-ai-act/ HumanE-AI-net website]) 
[https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/second-tutorial-on-the-ai-act/ Second Tutorial on the AI Act] prepared by [https://lsts.research.vub.be/gianmarco-gori Giancarlo Gori], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), addressing the relevance of the final version of the AI Act for human-centric AI. 
[https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence] Overview of the AI Act from the European Parliament 
[https://www.williamfry.com/knowledge/the-time-to-ai-act-is-now-a-practical-guide-to-the-ai-ac The Time to (AI) Act is Now: A Practical Guide to the AI Act] by William Fry, Irish corporate law firm 
[https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_1683 Artificial Intelligence – Questions and Answers] European Commission 
[https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2025/05/26/why-we-decided-to-relocate-the-headquarters-of-our-ai-company-from-the-us-to-ireland/ Why we decided to relocate the headquarters of our AI company from the US to Ireland]
An op-ed by Daryll Williams, Founder, CEO, and Chief Scientist of [https://partsol.com/ Partsol] (pdf version [http://www.vernon.eu/downloads/AI_Op-Ed_by_Darryl_Williams.pdf here]) 
[https://www.siliconrepublic.com/business/eu-ai-act-irish-innovation-regulation-us-partsol Opinion: Why EU AI Act is good for Irish innovation] 

== AI Applications and Resources ==
[https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google 
[https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/12/256930-digital-agriculture-for-small-scale-producers/fulltext Digital Agriculture for Small-Scale Producers: Challenges and Opportunities] CACM (2021) 
[https://www.bentoml.com/blog/a-guide-to-open-source-image-generation-models A Guide to Open-Source Image Generation Models] 

== AI Science and Technology ==
[https://aaai.org/about-aaai/presidential-panel-on-the-future-of-ai-research/ AAAI 2025 Presidential Panel on the Future of AI Research] 
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) 
[https://eng.bigai.ai/ Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)] "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" '''but not based on foundation models'''; 
see also this insightful [https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2025/sep/16/song-chun-zhu-why-one-of-the-worlds-most-brilliant-ai-scientists-left-the-us-for-china article] about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI 
[http://agisi.org/Defs_intelligence.html Definitions of Artificial and Human Intelligence] 
[https://dynamicfieldtheory.org/ Dynamic Field Theory] 
[https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/57a9b97477b67936298489e3c1417b0a-Paper-Conference.pdf Energy Transformer] NeurIPS 2023 (note: ''Energy Transformers'' are not the same as ''Energy-Based Transformers'') 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: ''Energy-Based Transformers'' are not the same as ''Energy Transformers'') 
[https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02217 Hopfield Networks is All You Need] arXiv:2008.02217 
[https://ml-jku.github.io/hopfield-layers/ Hopfield Networks is All You Need] blog post 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2023/nov/01/how-ai-chatbots-like-chatgpt-or-bard-work-visual-explainer How AI chatbots like ChatGPT or Bard work – visual explainer] 
[https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/26/technology/ai-reasoning-chatgpt-deepseek.html How Artificial Intelligence Reasons] New York Times 
[https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=10897 IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Workshop 2022] 
[https://ibm.github.io/neuro-symbolic-ai/events/ns-summerschool2022/ IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Summer School] 
[https://laion.ai/ LAION] Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network 
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence LaMDA], Google natural language foundation model 
[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05876.pdf Neurosymbolic AI: The Third Wave] 
[https://github.com/norvig/paip-lisp Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp] open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992) 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21EYKqUsPfg Richard Sutton – Father of RL thinks LLMs are a dead end], an interview with Dwarkesh Patel; also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwhHUQuqiaQ Richard Sutton and Dwarkesh Patel – speaking two different languages] for an explanation of their different perspectives 
[https://www.aaai.org/Magazine/Watson/watson.php The AI behind Watson] 
[https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2026/sep/08/this-is-dangerous-slime-moulds-and-the-bitter-debate-over-the-nature-of-intelligence ‘This is dangerous’: slime moulds and the bitter debate over the nature of intelligence] 
[[File:new.jpg]] [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11479385 Top 10 Most Influential Papers in Artificial Intelligence Since 2000] 
[https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/mamba-model What is a Mamba model?] 
[https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/agentic-ai/ What is Agentic AI?] AWS 
[https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/agentic-ai What is Agentic AI?] IBM 
[https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/02/what-is-chatgpt-doing-and-why-does-it-work/ What Is ChatGPT Doing ... and Why Does It Work?] (and a lot more besides) by Stephen Wolfram 
[https://www.darpa.mil/program/explainable-artificial-intelligence XAI] Explainable Artificial Intelligence 
[https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0] 

== Humour ==
[https://lafavephilosophy.x10host.com/meat_in_space.html Meat in Space] By Terry Bisson, from a set of stories entitled Alien/Nation