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| − | % This is a sample LaTeX input file. (Version of 11 April 1994.)
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| − | %
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| − | % A '%' character causes TeX to ignore all remaining text on the line,
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| − | % and is used for comments like this one.
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| − | \documentclass{article} % Specifies the document class
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| − | % The preamble begins here.
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| − | \title{An Example Document} % Declares the document's title.
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| − | \author{Leslie Lamport} % Declares the author's name.
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| − | \date{\today} % Deleting this command produces today's date.
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| − |
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| − | \newcommand{\ip}[2]{(#1, #2)}
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| − | % Defines \ip{arg1}{arg2} to mean
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| − | % (arg1, arg2).
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| − |
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| − | %\newcommand{\ip}[2]{\langle #1 | #2\rangle}
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| − | % This is an alternative definition of
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| − | % \ip that is commented out.
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| − |
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| − | \begin{document} % End of preamble and beginning of text.
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| − |
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| − | \maketitle % Produces the title.
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| − |
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| − | This is an example input file. Comparing it with
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| − | the output it generates can show you how to
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| − | produce a simple document of your own.
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| − |
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| − | \section{Ordinary Text} % Produces section heading. Lower-level
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| − | % sections are begun with similar
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| − | % \subsection and \subsubsection commands.
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| − |
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| − | The ends of words and sentences are marked
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| − | by spaces. It doesn't matter how many
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| − | spaces you type; one is as good as 100. The
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| − | end of a line counts as a space.
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| − |
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| − | One or more blank lines denote the end
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| − | of a paragraph.
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| − |
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| − | Since any number of consecutive spaces are treated
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| − | like a single one, the formatting of the input
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| − | file makes no difference to
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| − | \LaTeX, % The \LaTeX command generates the LaTeX logo.
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| − | but it makes a difference to you. When you use
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| − | \LaTeX, making your input file as easy to read
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| − | as possible will be a great help as you write
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| − | your document and when you change it. This sample
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| − | file shows how you can add comments to your own input
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| − | file.
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| − |
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| − | Because printing is different from typewriting,
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| − | there are a number of things that you have to do
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| − | differently when preparing an input file than if
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| − | you were just typing the document directly.
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| − | Quotation marks like
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| − | ``this''
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| − | have to be handled specially, as do quotes within
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| − | quotes:
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| − | ``\,`this' % \, separates the double and single quote.
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| − | is what I just
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| − | wrote, not `that'\,''.
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| − |
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| − | Dashes come in three sizes: an
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| − | intra-word
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| − | dash, a medium dash for number ranges like
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| − | 1--2,
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| − | and a punctuation
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| − | dash---like
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| − | this.
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| − |
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| − | A sentence-ending space should be larger than the
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| − | space between words within a sentence. You
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| − | sometimes have to type special commands in
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| − | conjunction with punctuation characters to get
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| − | this right, as in the following sentence.
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| − | Gnats, gnus, etc.\ all % `\ ' makes an inter-word space.
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| − | begin with G\@. % \@ marks end-of-sentence punctuation.
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| − | You should check the spaces after periods when
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| − | reading your output to make sure you haven't
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| − | forgotten any special cases. Generating an
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| − | ellipsis
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| − | \ldots\ % `\ ' is needed after `\ldots' because TeX
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| − | % ignores spaces after command names like \ldots
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| − | % made from \ + letters.
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| − | %
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| − | % Note how a `%' character causes TeX to ignore
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| − | % the end of the input line, so these blank lines
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| − | % do not start a new paragraph.
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| − | %
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| − | with the right spacing around the periods requires
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| − | a special command.
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| − |
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| − | \LaTeX\ interprets some common characters as
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| − | commands, so you must type special commands to
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| − | generate them. These characters include the
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| − | following:
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| − | \$ \& \% \# \{ and \}.
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| − |
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| − | In printing, text is usually emphasized with an
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| − | \emph{italic}
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| − | type style.
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| − |
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| − | \begin{em}
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| − | A long segment of text can also be emphasized
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| − | in this way. Text within such a segment can be
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| − | given \emph{additional} emphasis.
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| − | \end{em}
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| − |
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| − | It is sometimes necessary to prevent \LaTeX\ from
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| − | breaking a line where it might otherwise do so.
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| − | This may be at a space, as between the ``Mr.'' and
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| − | ``Jones'' in
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| − | ``Mr.~Jones'', % ~ produces an unbreakable interword space.
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| − | or within a word---especially when the word is a
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| − | symbol like
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| − | \mbox{\emph{itemnum}}
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| − | that makes little sense when hyphenated across
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| − | lines.
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| − |
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| − | Footnotes\footnote{This is an example of a footnote.}
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| − | pose no problem.
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| − |
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| − | \LaTeX\ is good at typesetting mathematical formulas
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| − | like
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| − | \( x-3y + z = 7 \)
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| − | or
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| − | \( a_{1} > x^{2n} + y^{2n} > x' \)
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| − | or
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| − | \( \ip{A}{B} = \sum_{i} a_{i} b_{i} \).
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| − | The spaces you type in a formula are
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| − | ignored. Remember that a letter like
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| − | $x$ % $ ... $ and \( ... \) are equivalent
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| − | is a formula when it denotes a mathematical
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| − | symbol, and it should be typed as one.
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| − |
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| − | \section{Displayed Text}
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| − |
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| − | Text is displayed by indenting it from the left
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| − | margin. Quotations are commonly displayed. There
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| − | are short quotations
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| − | \begin{quote}
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| − | This is a short a quotation. It consists of a
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| − | single paragraph of text. See how it is formatted.
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| − | \end{quote}
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| − | and longer ones.
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| − | \begin{quotation}
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| − | This is a longer quotation. It consists of two
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| − | paragraphs of text, neither of which are
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| − | particularly interesting.
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| − | This is the second paragraph of the quotation. It
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| − | is just as dull as the first paragraph.
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| − | \end{quotation}
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| − | Another frequently-displayed structure is a list.
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| − | The following is an example of an \emph{itemized}
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| − | list.
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| − | \begin{itemize}
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| − | \item This is the first item of an itemized list.
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| − | Each item in the list is marked with a ``tick''.
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| − | You don't have to worry about what kind of tick
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| − | mark is used.
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| − | \item This is the second item of the list. It
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| − | contains another list nested inside it. The inner
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| − | list is an \emph{enumerated} list.
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| − | \begin{enumerate}
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| − | \item This is the first item of an enumerated
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| − | list that is nested within the itemized list.
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| − | \item This is the second item of the inner list.
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| − | \LaTeX\ allows you to nest lists deeper than
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| − | you really should.
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| − | \end{enumerate}
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| − | This is the rest of the second item of the outer
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| − | list. It is no more interesting than any other
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| − | part of the item.
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| − | \item This is the third item of the list.
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| − | \end{itemize}
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| − | You can even display poetry.
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| − | \begin{verse}
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| − | There is an environment
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| − | for verse \\ % The \\ command separates lines
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| − | Whose features some poets % within a stanza.
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| − | will curse.
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| − |
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| − | % One or more blank lines separate stanzas.
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| − |
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| − | For instead of making\\
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| − | Them do \emph{all} line breaking, \\
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| − | It allows them to put too many words on a line when they'd rather be
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| − | forced to be terse.
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| − | \end{verse}
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| − |
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| − | Mathematical formulas may also be displayed. A
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| − | displayed formula
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| − | is
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| − | one-line long; multiline
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| − | formulas require special formatting instructions.
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| − | \[ \ip{\Gamma}{\psi'} = x'' + y^{2} + z_{i}^{n}\]
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| − | Don't start a paragraph with a displayed equation,
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| − | nor make one a paragraph by itself.
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| − |
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| − | \end{document} % End of document.
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