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| − | == | + | == Africa == |
| + | [[AI and Robotics in Africa | A collection of links]] mapping out the many aspects of AI and robotics in Africa. <BR> | ||
| + | <!-- [[File:new.jpg]] [http://www.vernon.eu/downloads/Hughes-Chulu2022.pdf A Qualitative Investigation into the Integration of the African Diaspora in the African Union’s Sixth Region - Myth or Reality ]<BR> --> | ||
| + | [https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JEP/article/view/5290 African Concept of Time, a Socio-Cultural Reality in the Process of Change] (Babalola and Aloken 2013) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/og/article/view/140143 Justification of the concept of time in Africa] (Nnajiofor 2016)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.horstkoehler.de/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/On-the-impossibility-of-speaking-of-Africa-Horst-Ko%CC%88hler-2014-English-translation.pdf On the impossibility of speaking of Africa] Speech by the former President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Horst Köhler <BR> | ||
| + | [https://sdgs.un.org/goals The 17 Sustainable Development Goals] <BR> | ||
| − | [[ | + | == Art == |
| + | [https://tatianailiinafineart.com/products/whisper-of-sunshine Whisper of Sunshine] by Tatiana Iliina, 2017 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://juliacontacessi.com/products/odyssey?srsltid=AfmBOorz4nS4ELjKbVa975GF-ww3p7J1CDFjNGL36OWRz18f65dKbL6U Odessey] by Julia Conacessi, 2017 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.petroskoublis.com/in-landscapes-g?gallery=6762ebda9b5df6275eadd203&item=71529f96-68b2-4dd2-86bb-2ddaf9dd18a9 Berenices] by Petros Koublis <BR> | ||
| + | [https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-shortening-winters-day-is-near-a-close-102509 The Shortening Winter's Day is near a Close] by Joseph Farquharson, 1903; | ||
| + | also see [https://artuk.org/discover/curations/joseph-farquharson-snow-sheep-and-sun Joseph Farquharson: Snow, sheep and sun]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/when-snow-the-pasture-sheets-218273 When Snow the Pasture Sheets] by Joseph Farquharson, c. 1915 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://artuk.org/discover/curations/joseph-farquharson-snow-sheep-and-sun Joseph Farquharson: Snow, sheep and sun] by Joseph Farquharson <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.artic.edu/artworks/64818/stacks-of-wheat-end-of-summer Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer)] by Claude Monet, 1890-91; also see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haystacks_(Monet_series) Wikapedia article on the full 25 paintings in the series] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/turner-norham-castle-sunrise-n01981 Norham Castle, Sunrise] by Joseph Mallord William Turner, c. 1845 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.artic.edu/artworks/14620/cliff-walk-at-pourville Cliff Walk at Pourville] by Claude Monet, 1882 <BR> | ||
| − | === Artificial Intelligence === | + | == Artificial Cognitive Systems == |
| + | |||
| + | [[Artificial Cognitive Systems]] (a separate list of links) | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Artificial Intelligence == | ||
| + | (Also see [[#Machine_Learning|Machine Learning]] and [[#Robotics|Robotics]]) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Origins === | ||
[https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1904 A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955] <BR> | [https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/1904 A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://ojs.aaai.org//index.php/aimagazine/article/view/950 Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: AAAI Presidential Address] Raj Reddy (1988) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2020/04/27/12-ai-milestones-4-mycin-an-expert-system-for-infectious-disease-therapy/?sh=28c9fe6676e5 MYCIN expert system for infectious disease therapy] A milestone in AI <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.shortliffe.net/Buchanan-Shortliffe-1984/MYCIN%20Book.htm MYCIN Book] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Natural selection and the emergence of mind] Speech by Karl Popper about Charles Darwin <BR> | ||
| + | [https://rintintin.colorado.edu/~vancecd/phil201/Searle.pdf The Chinese Room]<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === AI in Society === | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[AI Act Tutorial]], prepared by [https://www.ru.nl/en/people/hildebrandt-m Mireille Hildebrandt], Radboud University, for the [[#HumanE-AI-net | HumanE-AI-net]] European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence. | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
[https://www.ai-fora.de/about/ AI FORA - AI for Assessment] <BR> | [https://www.ai-fora.de/about/ AI FORA - AI for Assessment] <BR> | ||
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[https://ai4good.org/ AI for Good Foundation]<BR> | [https://ai4good.org/ AI for Good Foundation]<BR> | ||
[https://aiforgood.itu.int/ AI for Good Global Summit]<BR> | [https://aiforgood.itu.int/ AI for Good Global Summit]<BR> | ||
[[AI in Europe]]<BR> | [[AI in Europe]]<BR> | ||
| − | [https://www. | + | [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/26/technology/ai-elections-democracy.html A.I. Is Starting to Wear Down Democracy] New York Times <BR> |
| − | + | ||
[http://www.vernon.eu/AIML03.htm Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Africa]<BR> | [http://www.vernon.eu/AIML03.htm Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Africa]<BR> | ||
[[Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Machine Learning in Africa]]<BR> | [[Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Machine Learning in Africa]]<BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | [https://blackinai.github.io/#/ Black in AI] <BR> |
| − | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ | + | [https://www.cooperativeai.com/ Cooperative AI] Foundation <BR> |
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/06/mercy-anita-african-workers-ai-artificial-intelligence-exploitation-feeding-machine Feeding the Machine: The Hidden Human Labour Powering AI (edited extract)] and [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/article/2024/jul/06/james-muldoon-mark-graham-callum-cant-ai-artificial-intelligence-human-work-exploitation-fairwork-feeding-machine An interview with the authors] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421/full From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all] Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article <BR> | ||
| + | [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00146-023-01694-1 Human-centric AI: philosophical and community-centric considerations] featuring Ubuntu philosophy and maximum feasible participation <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/26/well/is-ai-validation-healthy.html Next Time You Consult an A.I. Chatbot, Remember One Thing] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/news/article/2024/aug/08/no-god-in-the-machine-the-pitfalls-of-ai-worship No god in the machine: the pitfalls of AI worship]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://oecd.ai/dashboards OECD National AI policies & strategies]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/ The Fourth Industrial Revolution - what it means and how to respond]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/02/opinion/ai-us-china.html The One Danger That Should Unite the U.S. and China]; also see [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/03/opinion/us-china-ai-trust.html Tom Friedman’s A.I. Nightmare and What the U.S. Can Do to Avoid It]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-14108-y The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals] Nature Communications (2020) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://ec.europa.eu/info/sites/info/files/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_en.pdf White Paper on Artificial Intelligence] from the European Commission <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === AI in Business === | ||
| + | [https://landing.ai/resources/ai-transformation-playbook/ AI Transformation Playbook] <BR> | ||
[https://hbr.org/2018/01/artificial-intelligence-for-the-real-world Artificial Intelligence for the Real World] A Harvard Business Review perspective on using artificial cognitive capabilities in business<BR> | [https://hbr.org/2018/01/artificial-intelligence-for-the-real-world Artificial Intelligence for the Real World] A Harvard Business Review perspective on using artificial cognitive capabilities in business<BR> | ||
| + | [https://hbr.org/2019/02/how-to-choose-your-first-ai-project How to choose your first AI project] Andrew Ng in Harvard Business Review 2019 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf Sizing the prize What's the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise?] PWC report <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2025/05/26/why-we-decided-to-relocate-the-headquarters-of-our-ai-company-from-the-us-to-ireland/ Why we decided to relocate the headquarters of our AI company from the US to Ireland] | ||
| + | An op-ed by Daryll Williams, Founder, CEO, and Chief Scientist of [https://partsol.com/ Partsol], articulating a visionary stance on the importance of the European AI Act, and the benefits of a symbiosis of innovation and regulation in AI, especially where trustworthy AI is paramount (pdf version [http://www.vernon.eu/downloads/AI_Op-Ed_by_Darryl_Williams.pdf here]).<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === AI Education === | ||
| + | (Also see [[#Tutorials|Tutorials]].)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://ai-4-all.org/ AI4ALL]<BR> | ||
| + | [http://AI4K12.org AI4K12]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.firstinspires.org/ FIRST: A global robotics community preparing young people for the future]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://courses.minnalearn.com/ MinnaLearn] Three popular courses: Elements of AI, Building AI, and AI for Built Environment<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://neuromatch.io/neuroscience/ Neuromatch Academy]: courses on [https://neuromatch.io/computational-neuroscience-course/ computational neuroscience], [https://neuromatch.io/neuroai-course/ neuroAI], and [https://neuromatch.io/deep-learning-course/ deep learning]. <BR>NB: course costs are dependent on location (e.g., cost for students in Rwanda are ten times less than costs for students in Ireland). <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2020/02/12/how-to-teach-artificial-intelligence/#7de1b8135eac Teaching AI to young people]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://wiki.pathmind.com/ The Artificial Intelligence Wiki] A Beginner’s Guide to Important Topics in AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000382456 Inside AI: An Algorithmic Adventure]. Published by UNESCO, this is a graphic novel, for people who want to understand AI and its impact on society. <BR> Note: this is an intentionally inclusive book, in all the best senses of the term. For that alone, it's worth reading. <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === State of AI === | ||
| + | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-index-2025 12 Graphs That Explain the State of AI in 2025] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://aiindex.stanford.edu/ The AI Index 2025] Stanford University - Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.muhai.org/blog/12-artificial-intelligence/12-ai-at-a-crossroads AI at a Crossroads.]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.andrew.cmu.edu/user/ganeshm/GrandChallengesAIMagazineSpring2021.pdf Artificial Intelligence’s Grand Challenges: Past, Present, and Future] Ganesh Mani (2021). <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.vernon.eu/AIML01.htm Artificial Intelligence - Past, Present, and Future.]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://hdsr.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/wot7mkc1/release/9 Artificial Intelligence — The Revolution Hasn’t Happened Yet] by Michael I. Jordan, with commentaries <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.08630.pdf Cooperative AI] Open Problems. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-and-psychology-researchers-debate-the-future-of-deep-learning Will the Future of AI Learning Depend More on Nature or Nurture?] Yann LeCun and Gary Marcus debate <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/06/29/business/ai-video-deepfake-google-veo-3-quiz.html A.I. Videos Have Never Been Better. Can You Tell What’s Real?] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://ai-2027.com/#narrative-2027-09-30 AI 2027] D. Kokotajlo, S. Alexander, T. Larsen, E. Lifland, and R. Dean "predict that the impact of superhuman AI over the next decade will be enormous, exceeding that of the Industrial Revolution"<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://karpathy.github.io/2022/03/14/lecun1989/ Deep Neural Nets: 33 years ago and 33 years from now] a blog by Andrej Karpathy <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Limitations of AI === | ||
| + | (But also see [[#Foundation_Models:_Large_Language_Models_.26_Multimodal_Models|Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal_Models]] and [[#Vision-Language-Action_Models|Vision-Language-Action Models]]) | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11197285 AI has a loose relationship with the truth] Jaime Fernández Fisac, IEEE Spectrum ([https://spectrum.ieee.org/ai-misinformation-llm-bullshit longer version]) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/05/technology/ai-hallucinations-chatgpt-google.html A.I. Is Getting More Powerful, but Its Hallucinations Are Getting Worse]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/jun/06/microsofts-kate-crawford-ai-is-neither-artificial-nor-intelligent "AI is neither artificial nor intelligent"] Interview with Kate Crawford, author of [https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300209570/atlas-ai Atlas of AI] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1045339.1045340 Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity] Drew McDermott's old (1974) but still relevant plea for more critical self-appraisal by AI researchers (see, especially, the last section "Benediction").<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/dec/31/ai-assisted-plagiarism-chatgpt-bot-says-it-has-an-answer-for-that AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that] - ChatGPT: '''"It looks like a confident bullshitter that can write very convincing nonsense".''' <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2024/jan/03/botshit-generative-ai-imminent-threat-democracy Beware the ‘botshit’: why generative AI is such a real and imminent threat to the way we live]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://medium.com/@chiayewken/mistakes-of-microsofts-new-bing-can-chatgpt-like-generative-models-guarantee-factual-accuracy-5ec82a7453f4 Can ChatGPT-like Generative Models Guarantee Factual Accuracy? On the Mistakes of Microsoft’s New Bing]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-computers-learn-common-sense Can computers learn common sense?] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1kDSERnROv5FgHbVN8z_bXH9gak2IXRtoqz0nwhrviCw/edit#gid=1302320625 ChatGPT/LLM Errors]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://emaggiori.com/chatgpt-fails/ ChatGPT fails]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/feb/26/chatgpt-generated-crochet-pattern-results Crochet enthusiasts asked ChatGPT for patterns. The results are ‘cursed’]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://github.com/ErnestDavis/LLM-Failures/wiki Ernest Davis LLM-Failures wiki]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcomp.2023.1210421/full From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all] Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article <BR> | ||
| + | [https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence<BR> | ||
| + | [https://github.com/giuven95/chatgpt-failures LLM failure archive (ChatGPT and beyond)]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/apr/01/misinformation-mistakes-and-the-pope-in-a-puffer-what-rapidly-evolving-ai-can-and-cant-do Misinformation, mistakes and the Pope in a puffer: what rapidly evolving AI can – and can’t – do] <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/26/well/is-ai-validation-healthy.html Next Time You Consult an A.I. Chatbot, Remember One Thing] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://jmc.stanford.edu/artificial-intelligence/reviews/haugeland.html Review of John Haugland's "Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea"] by John McCarthy <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/mar/16/the-stupidity-of-ai-artificial-intelligence-dall-e-chatgpt The Stupidity of AI] ChatGPT is "inherently stupid ... it has no relation to reality whatsoever."<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/uKp6tBFStnsvrot5t/what-dall-e-2-can-and-cannot-do What DALL-E 2 can and cannot do] by LessWrong. Notice in the first image the physical implausibility of the mannequin fingers morphing into folds in the dress. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/what-to-expect-when-youre-expecting What to Expect When You’re Expecting … GPT-4] by Gary Markus <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Ethics in AI === | ||
[https://www.ajl.org/ Algorithmic Justice League] <BR> | [https://www.ajl.org/ Algorithmic Justice League] <BR> | ||
[https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/assessment-list-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence-altai-self-assessment Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for self-assessment]<BR> | [https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/assessment-list-trustworthy-artificial-intelligence-altai-self-assessment Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for self-assessment]<BR> | ||
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[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] <BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] <BR> | ||
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[https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419 Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI] from the European Commission <BR> | [https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=60419 Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI] from the European Commission <BR> | ||
[https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/ Ethical issues in AI] <BR> | [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/top-10-ethical-issues-in-artificial-intelligence/ Ethical issues in AI] <BR> | ||
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[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2018.0080 Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges] <BR> | [https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsta.2018.0080 Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges] <BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | [https://clawar.org/conference-proceedings/icres-conference/ International Conference on Robot Ethics and Standards ICRES]<BR> |
| + | |||
| + | === European Union AI Act === | ||
| + | [[AI Act Tutorial]], prepared by [https://www.ru.nl/en/people/hildebrandt-m Mireille Hildebrandt], Radboud University, for the [[#HumanE-AI-net | HumanE-AI-net]] European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence (also available on the [https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/tutorial-on-the-proposal-for-an-ai-act/ HumanE-AI-net website]) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.humane-ai.eu/event/second-tutorial-on-the-ai-act/ Second Tutorial on the AI Act] prepared by [https://lsts.research.vub.be/gianmarco-gori Giancarlo Gori], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), addressing the relevance of the final version of the AI Act for human-centric AI.<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence] Overview of the AI Act from the European Parliament <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.williamfry.com/knowledge/the-time-to-ai-act-is-now-a-practical-guide-to-the-ai-ac The Time to (AI) Act is Now: A Practical Guide to the AI Act] by William Fry, Irish corporate law firm <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_21_1683 Artificial Intelligence – Questions and Answers] European Commission <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.irishtimes.com/business/2025/05/26/why-we-decided-to-relocate-the-headquarters-of-our-ai-company-from-the-us-to-ireland/ Why we decided to relocate the headquarters of our AI company from the US to Ireland] | ||
| + | An op-ed by Daryll Williams, Founder, CEO, and Chief Scientist of [https://partsol.com/ Partsol] (pdf version [http://www.vernon.eu/downloads/AI_Op-Ed_by_Darryl_Williams.pdf here])<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.siliconrepublic.com/business/eu-ai-act-irish-innovation-regulation-us-partsol Opinion: Why EU AI Act is good for Irish innovation] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === AI Applications and Resources === | ||
| + | [https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google <BR> | ||
| + | [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2021/12/256930-digital-agriculture-for-small-scale-producers/fulltext Digital Agriculture for Small-Scale Producers: Challenges and Opportunities] CACM (2021) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.bentoml.com/blog/a-guide-to-open-source-image-generation-models A Guide to Open-Source Image Generation Models]<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === AI Science and Technology === | ||
| + | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://eng.bigai.ai/ Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)] "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" '''but not based on foundation models'''; <BR> | ||
| + | see also this insightful [https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2025/sep/16/song-chun-zhu-why-one-of-the-worlds-most-brilliant-ai-scientists-left-the-us-for-china article] about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI <BR> | ||
| + | [http://agisi.org/Defs_intelligence.html Definitions of Artificial and Human Intelligence]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://dynamicfieldtheory.org/ Dynamic Field Theory] <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/57a9b97477b67936298489e3c1417b0a-Paper-Conference.pdf Energy Transformer] NeurIPS 2023 (note: ''Energy Transformers'' are not the same as ''Energy-Based Transformers'')<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: ''Energy-Based Transformers'' are not the same as ''Energy Transformers'')<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02217 Hopfield Networks is All You Need] arXiv:2008.02217 <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://ml-jku.github.io/hopfield-layers/ Hopfield Networks is All You Need] blog post <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2023/nov/01/how-ai-chatbots-like-chatgpt-or-bard-work-visual-explainer How AI chatbots like ChatGPT or Bard work – visual explainer]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/26/technology/ai-reasoning-chatgpt-deepseek.html How Artificial Intelligence Reasons] New York Times <BR> | ||
[https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=10897 IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Workshop 2022] <BR> | [https://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/view_group.php?id=10897 IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Workshop 2022] <BR> | ||
[https://ibm.github.io/neuro-symbolic-ai/events/ns-summerschool2022/ IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Summer School] <BR> | [https://ibm.github.io/neuro-symbolic-ai/events/ns-summerschool2022/ IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Summer School] <BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | [https://laion.ai/ LAION] Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network <BR> |
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence LaMDA], Google natural language foundation model <BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence LaMDA], Google natural language foundation model <BR> | ||
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[https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05876.pdf Neurosymbolic AI: The Third Wave] <BR> | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.05876.pdf Neurosymbolic AI: The Third Wave] <BR> | ||
[https://github.com/norvig/paip-lisp Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp] open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992)<BR> | [https://github.com/norvig/paip-lisp Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp] open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992)<BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21EYKqUsPfg Richard Sutton – Father of RL thinks LLMs are a dead end], an interview with Dwarkesh Patel; also watch [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwhHUQuqiaQ Richard Sutton and Dwarkesh Patel – speaking two different languages] for an explanation of their different perspectives <BR> |
| − | [https://www. | + | |
| − | [https://www. | + | |
[https://www.aaai.org/Magazine/Watson/watson.php The AI behind Watson]<BR> | [https://www.aaai.org/Magazine/Watson/watson.php The AI behind Watson]<BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | [https://writings.stephenwolfram.com/2023/02/what-is-chatgpt-doing-and-why-does-it-work/ What Is ChatGPT Doing ... and Why Does It Work?] (and a lot more besides) by Stephen Wolfram<BR> |
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[https://www.darpa.mil/program/explainable-artificial-intelligence XAI] Explainable Artificial Intelligence <BR> | [https://www.darpa.mil/program/explainable-artificial-intelligence XAI] Explainable Artificial Intelligence <BR> | ||
[https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0] <BR> | [https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0] <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/agentic-ai/ What is Agentic AI?] AWS <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/agentic-ai What is Agentic AI?] IBM <BR> | ||
| − | === | + | === Humour === |
| + | [https://lafavephilosophy.x10host.com/meat_in_space.html Meat in Space] By Terry Bisson, from a set of stories entitled Alien/Nation <BR> | ||
| − | [[ | + | == Autonomy == |
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5965/Principles-of-Biological-Autonomy Principles of Biological Autonomy] By Francisco J. Varela, Edited by Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Evan Thompson. | ||
| − | === Computer Vision | + | == Cognitive Robotics == |
| + | [[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] (list of links) <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.ieee-coro.org IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Computer Vision == | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1F5ICP9SYLU 2-Dimensional Motion Perception] in humans; seminal video from the 1970s. <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1F5ICP9SYLU 2-Dimensional Motion Perception] in humans; seminal video from the 1970s. <BR> | ||
[http://cs231n.github.io/ Andrej Karpathy's course CS231n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition] <BR> | [http://cs231n.github.io/ Andrej Karpathy's course CS231n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition] <BR> | ||
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[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8TFi6qvPbc Biological Motion II] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8TFi6qvPbc Biological Motion II] <BR> | ||
[https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine. <BR> | [https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://docs.opencv.org/4.x/d5/dae/tutorial_aruco_detection.html Detection of ArUco Markers] with OpenCV 4.7 <BR> | ||
[https://github.com/Sid2697/awesome-egocentric-vision Egocentric vision resources] <BR> | [https://github.com/Sid2697/awesome-egocentric-vision Egocentric vision resources] <BR> | ||
[https://code.google.com/p/head-eye-tracking/ Head Eye Tracking] <BR> | [https://code.google.com/p/head-eye-tracking/ Head Eye Tracking] <BR> | ||
[https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/09/19/pip-install-opencv/ How to install OpenCV with pip] <BR> | [https://www.pyimagesearch.com/2018/09/19/pip-install-opencv/ How to install OpenCV with pip] <BR> | ||
| − | |||
[https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/dd/d49/tutorial_py_contour_features.html OpenCV Python example of contour features] <BR> | [https://docs.opencv.org/3.4.0/dd/d49/tutorial_py_contour_features.html OpenCV Python example of contour features] <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://openmv.io/products/openmv-cam-h7-r2 OpenMV camera] <BR> | |
[https://opensource.googleblog.com/2016/10/introducing-cartographer.html Cartographer] SLAM software from Google <BR> | [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2016/10/introducing-cartographer.html Cartographer] SLAM software from Google <BR> | ||
[https://authentic.sice.indiana.edu/publications/Su_Crandall-AffectiveGrowthCV-CVPR21.pdf The Affective Growth of Computer Vision] <BR> | [https://authentic.sice.indiana.edu/publications/Su_Crandall-AffectiveGrowthCV-CVPR21.pdf The Affective Growth of Computer Vision] <BR> | ||
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[https://pjreddie.com/darknet/yolo/ YOLO: Real-Time Object Detection] <BR> | [https://pjreddie.com/darknet/yolo/ YOLO: Real-Time Object Detection] <BR> | ||
| − | + | == Control == | |
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller PID control] | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PID_controller PID control] | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
| − | [https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/214912/why-does-a-proportional-controller-have-a-steady-state-error Why does a proportional controller have a steady state error] | + | [https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/214912/why-does-a-proportional-controller-have-a-steady-state-error Why does a proportional controller have a steady state error] <BR> |
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBc_BHxw78s&list=PLUMWjy5jgHK1NC52DXXrriwihVrYZKqjk&index=1 Why Learn Control Theory] video with links to several follow-on videos on all aspects of control theory <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pi7l8mMjYVE&list=PLMrJAkhIeNNR20Mz-VpzgfQs5zrYi085m Control Bootcamp: Overview] video with links to several follow-on videos on all aspects of control theory <BR> | ||
| − | + | == Copyright == | |
| − | + | [https://library.cmu.edu/services/copyright Copyright & Fair Use] Carnegie Mellon University Africa <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.cmu.edu/policies/administrative-and-governance/fair-use.html Fair Use Policy] Carnegie Mellon University Africa <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.copyright.gov/fair-use/more-info.html Fair Use] in the Copyright Act <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/copyrightinfo/fairuse.html Fair Use and Other Educational Uses] The University of Chicago <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://fairuse.stanford.edu/overview/academic-and-educational-permissions/non-coursepack/ Educational Uses of Non-coursepack Materials] Stanford University | |
| − | + | == Cybernetics and System Dynamics == | |
[https://www.cadmusjournal.org/files/pdfreprints/vol2issue1/reprint-cj-v2-i1-complex-vs-complicated-systems-rpoli.pdf Complicated vs. Complex] A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli <BR> | [https://www.cadmusjournal.org/files/pdfreprints/vol2issue1/reprint-cj-v2-i1-complex-vs-complicated-systems-rpoli.pdf Complicated vs. Complex] A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli <BR> | ||
[https://davidwolpert.weebly.com/ David Wolpert's website]<BR> | [https://davidwolpert.weebly.com/ David Wolpert's website]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://dynamicfieldtheory.org Dynamic Field Theory]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbot.2016.00014/full Developing Dynamic Field Theory Architectures for Embodied Cognitive Systems with cedar]<BR> | ||
[http://pangaro.com/Pask-Archive/Pask-Archive.html Gordon Pask Archive] <BR> | [http://pangaro.com/Pask-Archive/Pask-Archive.html Gordon Pask Archive] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://www.pangaro.com/hciiseminar2019/Heinz_von_Foerster-Ethics_and_Second-order_Cybernetics.pdf Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics] Heinz von Foerster <BR> |
| − | + | [https://www.jstor.org/stable/42970324?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents Karl Popper] Natural selection and the emergence of mind <BR> | |
| + | [https://pangaro.com/definition-cybernetics.html Paul Pangaro]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.pangaro.com/hciiseminar2019/ Paul Pangaro - The Design of Ethical Interfaces]<BR> | ||
[http://www.systemdynamics.org/ System Dynamics Society] <BR> | [http://www.systemdynamics.org/ System Dynamics Society] <BR> | ||
[http://www.rossashby.info/index.html W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive] <BR> | [http://www.rossashby.info/index.html W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive] <BR> | ||
| − | + | == Cycling == | |
| + | === Articles === | ||
| + | [https://www.cyclingabout.com/ Cycling About] with great articles <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.velominati.com/the-rules/ The Rules] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9cNmUNHSBac Most People Don't Know How Bikes Work] (and the need to counter-steer; see also this article on [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRZGdvJQnPU gyroscopic precession]) <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Bikes === | ||
| + | [http://www.enigmabikes.com/ Enigma Bicycle Works] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.storck-bikes.com/en Storck Bikes] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Bike Maintenance === | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YDk9sp5xRkA Crank & Bearing Removal and Installation - Campagnolo® Ultra-Torque™]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hg8OYQJZ7VA FLAT! How to fix a tubular tire on the side of the road] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfoCemoMCmg How to change Campagnolo hoods] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5MzIiv7pewE How to Wrap Handlebars for Road Bikes]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcxRt-tCSmM How To Install A Campagnolo Rear Derailleur]<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://silca.cc/en-eu/pages/pro-tire-pressure-calculator SILCA Pro Tire Pressure Calculator]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.bikeradar.com/advice/buyers-guides/the-complete-guide-to-bottom-bracket-standards/ The complete guide to bottom bracket standards] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Bike Shops === | ||
| + | [https://wolfis.ae/ Great Bike Shop in Dubai] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.freewheeling.ie/ Great Bike Shop in Dublin] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://tugende.rw/ Great Bike Shop in Kigali] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Equipment and Kit === | ||
| + | [http://forum.ctc.org.uk/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=62500 Sturmey Archer S2C Duomatic] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.musguard.com/#shop Musguard] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.solestar.de/en/solestar-kontrol.html Carbonfibre-like Insoles] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.thermosoles.eu/ Thermosoles] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.assos.com/ Assos] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.assosoutlet.com/eu/ Assos Factory Outlet] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.peterwhitecycles.com/studdedtires.asp Guide to studded bike tyres] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2019/08/how-to-install-free-maps-on-your-garmin-edge.html How to install OpenStreetMap on your Garmin] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://biketestreviews.com/3003-2/ Rotor Q-Rings review]and [https://www.trainingbible.com/joesblog/2007/04/q-rings.html here] is what Joe Friel thinks of them <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.dcrainmaker.com/2019/11/smart-trainer-review.html Tacx NEO 2T Smart Trainer In-Depth Review]<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Events and Routes === | ||
[https://outsider.ie/challenges/road-cycling-events-ireland/ 11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland]<BR> | [https://outsider.ie/challenges/road-cycling-events-ireland/ 11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland]<BR> | ||
[http://bit.ly/18aojnb Biking in Rwanda - Downloads and Interactive Maps] by Kaspar Kundert<BR> | [http://bit.ly/18aojnb Biking in Rwanda - Downloads and Interactive Maps] by Kaspar Kundert<BR> | ||
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[https://www.cyclocalendar.com/home Cyclo Calendar] <BR> | [https://www.cyclocalendar.com/home Cyclo Calendar] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [http://www.donegalcycleroute.ie/ Donegal Cycle Route]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://en.eurovelo.com/ev1 EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route] <BR> |
| − | [https:/ | + | [http://www.gpsies.com/home.do#10_58.43263874789026_13.844833374023436_mapQuest GPSies Routes] including file format conversion, e.g. GPS to TCX. <BR> |
| − | + | [http://www.sportcommunication.info/web2010/index.php?langue=2 Grand Trophee Cycling Events] <BR> | |
| − | + | [http://www.racearoundrwanda.com/ Race around Rwanda] with an alternative non-competitive Journey around Rwanda <BR> | |
| − | + | [http://www.vernon.eu/The-Complete-Guide-to-the-Congo-Nile-Trail-Ebook.pdf The Complete Guide to the Congo Nile Trail Ebook] <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://africageoportal.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=57bdc418eeab4cdf8d5b6b24a3e83600 The Congo Nile Trail] with satellite maps and elevation profiles for each stage. <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://ruminationsfromrwanda.blog/2019/07/21/basic-kinyarwanda-for-the-congo-nile-trail-and-beyond/ Basic Kinyarwanda for the Congo Nile Trail and Beyond]<BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.ringofkerrycycle.ie/ The Ring of Kerry Charity Cycle] and the route on [https://www.strava.com/routes/1469061 Strava]<BR> | |
| − | + | [http://vernon.eu/WAW2024.htm The Wild Atlantic Way] <BR> | |
| − | + | [http://vatternrundan.se/ Vätternrundan in Sweden]<BR> | |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://www.waterwaysireland.org/our-waterways/royal-canal/royal-canal-greenway Royal Canal Greenway] and [https://www.waterwaysireland.org/getmedia/19bfa564-505c-41e2-af9c-eeccfeed489f/RC-Greenway-Guide-(3).pdf map]<BR> |
| − | [http://www.gpsies.com/home.do#10_58.43263874789026_13.844833374023436_mapQuest GPSies Routes] including file format conversion, e.g. GPS to TCX. | + | |
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| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [http://www.sportcommunication.info/web2010/index.php?langue=2 Grand Trophee Cycling Events] | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [http:// | + | |
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| − | [http://www. | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
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| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | === | + | === Guides and Rentals === |
| + | [http://www.corkbikerental.com/best-touring-bike-rentals-in-cork-ireland.php Cork Bike Rental] Ireland <BR> | ||
| + | [https://luccacyclingclub.com/ Lucca Cycling Club] Italy <BR> | ||
| − | [[ | + | === Nutrition === |
| − | [ | + | [http://www.mendosa.com/gilistold.htm Glycemic Index Lists] <BR> |
| + | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3905295/ Regulation of Muscle Glycogen Repletion, Muscle Protein Synthesis and Repair Following Exercise] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Organizations === | ||
| + | [http://www.randonneurs.se/ Randonneurs Sverige] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Services === | ||
| + | [https://englishcyclist.com/ The English Cyclist] Modern Cycling Prints <BR> | ||
| + | [https://gotoes.org/strava/Combine_GPX_TCX_FIT_Files.php Combine FIT, GPX, CSV or TCX files for Strava or Garmin] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Engineering Education == | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://wholenewengineer.org/ A Whole New Engineer]: a different way to approach effective teaching and learning (watch the video) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://oli.cmu.edu/repository/webcontent/ac80970d80020ca60078c7f8185aefe0/_u5_hims_implementation_management/_m2_end_user_training_support/webcontent/u5_m2_pg5/Revised_Blooms_Taxonomy.pdf Bloom's Taxonomy] original and revised<BR> | ||
| + | [https://csed.acm.org/ CS2023: ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI Computer Science Curricula] and [https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3545947.3569591 a paper describing community engagement]by the ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI Joint Task Force<BR> | ||
| + | [https://epiceducationfoundation.org/ Epic Education Foundation] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://vimeo.com/110074717 Epic Challenge Talk] Siemens NASA Boeing Keynote on Educating the Next Generation, with Bill Boswell, Charles Camarda, and Michael Richey <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VheNJF-5kXM Epic Challenge Lecture] by Charles Camarda (video)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://pandemicproof.world/modules/iced/introduction/ Epic Methodology] introduction to the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (ICED) methodology (text) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPQ3pXGoUFU Epic Methodology] introduction to the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (ICED) methodology (video) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.timeshighereducation.com/campus/openbook-assessments-dos-and-donts-foster-good-practice Open-book assessments: dos and don’ts that foster good practice] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.amazon.co.uk/Project-Management-PhDs-Brigitte-Hertz/dp/9059316193/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1437653768&sr=8-2-fkmr0&keywords=project+management+for+phds+de+buin+hertz Project Management for PhDs]<BR> | ||
[https://revisionesg.wordpress.com/ Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area] <BR> | [https://revisionesg.wordpress.com/ Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://www.usnews.com/education/best-graduate-schools/articles/engineering-schools-methodology Methodology: 2023-2024 Best Engineering Schools Rankings] <BR> |
| − | + | == Engineering Mathematics == | |
| − | + | [https://linearalgebras.com/ten-best-linear-algebra-books.html The ten best linear algebra books] | |
<BR> | <BR> | ||
[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bapoczos/other_presentations/ICA_26_10_2009.pdf Introduction to Independent Component Analysis - Barnabás Póczos, University of Alberta] | [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~bapoczos/other_presentations/ICA_26_10_2009.pdf Introduction to Independent Component Analysis - Barnabás Póczos, University of Alberta] | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
[http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~hic/8803-Fall-09/slides/SubSpace-Learning.pdf Subspace Methods for Visual Learning and Recognition ECCV 2002 Tutorial (short version) - Horst Bischof and Ales Leonardis] | [http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~hic/8803-Fall-09/slides/SubSpace-Learning.pdf Subspace Methods for Visual Learning and Recognition ECCV 2002 Tutorial (short version) - Horst Bischof and Ales Leonardis] | ||
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[http://tumic.wz.cz/fel/online/libICA/ FastICA C Implementation] | [http://tumic.wz.cz/fel/online/libICA/ FastICA C Implementation] | ||
| − | == | + | == Free Energy Principle and Active Inference == |
| − | [ | + | [https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/5299/Active-InferenceThe-Free-Energy-Principle-in-Mind Active Inference: The Free Energy Principle in Mind, Brain, and Behavior] an open access book by Thomas Parr, Giovanni Pezzulo,and Karl J. Friston<BR> |
| − | [https://www. | + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.09156 The free energy principle for action and perception: A mathematical review] and ArXiv paper by Christopher L. Buckley, Chang Sub Kim, Simon McGregor, Anil K. Seth <BR> |
| + | [https://jaredtumiel.github.io/blog/2020/08/08/free-energy1.html Friston's Free Energy Principle Explained (part 1)] by Jared Tumiel<BR> | ||
| + | [https://jaredtumiel.github.io/blog/2020/10/14/spinning-up-in-ai.html Spinning Up in Active Inference and the Free Energy Principle] by Jared Tumiel<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.umsu.de/wo/2013/600 The Lure of Free Energy] by Wolfgang Schwarz (blog) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/03/04/god-help-us-lets-try-to-understand-friston-on-free-energy/ God Help Us, Let’s Try To Understand Friston on Free Energy] by Scott Alexander [blog] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://slatestarcodex.com/2017/09/05/book-review-surfing-uncertainty/ Book Review] of Andy Clarke's [https://academic.oup.com/book/7843 Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind] by Scott Alexander <BR> | ||
| + | [https://medium.com/@solopchuk/tutorial-on-active-inference-30edcf50f5dc Tutorial on Active Inference] by Oleg Solopchuk <BR> | ||
| − | + | == Fountain Pens == | |
[http://www.parker51.com The Parker 51] | [http://www.parker51.com The Parker 51] | ||
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[http://www.penhero.com/PenGallery/Sheaffer/SheafferInlaidNibs.htm The Evolution of the Sheaffer Inlaid Nib 1959-Present] | [http://www.penhero.com/PenGallery/Sheaffer/SheafferInlaidNibs.htm The Evolution of the Sheaffer Inlaid Nib 1959-Present] | ||
| − | + | == Graphs and Networks == | |
| − | + | [http://networksciencebook.com/ Network Science] by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://barabasi.com/book/the-formula Other Books] by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi <BR> | |
[http://www.graphviz.org/ GraphViz graph visualization] | [http://www.graphviz.org/ GraphViz graph visualization] | ||
| − | + | == Helping People in Need == | |
[https://mindleaps.org/ MindLeaps] | [https://mindleaps.org/ MindLeaps] | ||
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[http://www.vernon.eu/AfricanGLOTour2018.htm The GLO Africa Tour 2018] | [http://www.vernon.eu/AfricanGLOTour2018.htm The GLO Africa Tour 2018] | ||
| − | + | == History of Technology == | |
| − | [http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simulator.html Reverse | + | [http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simulator.html Reverse engineering Sinclair's amazing 1974 calculator] |
| − | === Innovation and Entrepreneurship | + | == Information Theory == |
| + | |||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r7FIXEAGvs&t=7s Shannon Entropy and Information Gain] Intuitive video introduction to the concept of entropy and the equation for entropy <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErfnhcEV1O8 A Short Introduction to Entropy, Cross-Entropy and KL-Divergence] Intuitive video introduction to these concepts and their use in machine learning <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Innovation and Entrepreneurship == | ||
[http://eit.europa.eu/ European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)] | [http://eit.europa.eu/ European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)] | ||
| Line 227: | Line 377: | ||
[http://ec.europa.eu/education/library/study/2013/eit-kics_en.pdf EIT Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) Educational Activities Final Report] | [http://ec.europa.eu/education/library/study/2013/eit-kics_en.pdf EIT Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) Educational Activities Final Report] | ||
| − | == | + | == Ireland == |
| − | [https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/irish-language Irish 101: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture] | + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.irishcentral.com/topic/1916-centenary 1916 Easter Rising] a collection of essays on the 1916 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Rising Easter Rising], the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence Irish War of Independence] (1919-1921) and the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Civil_War Irish Civil War] (1922 - 1923), leading to the creation of the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland Republic of Ireland] in 1949 <BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://outsider.ie/challenges/road-cycling-events-ireland/ 11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland]<BR> |
| − | [http://www. | + | [https://www.britishempire.co.uk/maproom/ireland.htm Ireland]: a history of British colonial rule in Ireland <BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRBMO6KaqS4&t=338s Allie Sherlock and Fionn Whelan sing Hallelujah on Grafton Street] <BR> |
| − | [ | + | [http://www.corkbikerental.com/best-touring-bike-rentals-in-cork-ireland.php Cork Bike Rental] Ireland <BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://www.rollingexistence.com/routes/cycling-the-wild-atlantic-way/ Cycling the Wild Atlantic Way] by Rolling Resistance <BR> |
| − | [https://www. | + | [http://vernon.eu/WAW2024.htm Cycling the Wild Atlantic Way] by David Vernon <BR> |
| − | === | + | [http://www.donegalcycleroute.ie/ Donegal Cycle Route]<BR> |
| + | [https://en.eurovelo.com/ev1 EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.freewheeling.ie/ Freewheeling] Local bike shop in Dublin <BR> | ||
| + | [https://journeyplanner.irishrail.ie/webapp/ Iarnrod Eireann / Irish Rail Journey Planner] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/irish-language Irish 101: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://gersirishcollectables.home.blog/ Irish Collectables and Memorabilia] A collection of memorabilia from Irish history <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.vernon.eu/talks/Irish_Culture-CMU_2023.pdf Irish Culture] A Five Minute Talk at Carnegie Mellon University Africa in 2023 <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.trailheadcentral.com/Ireland Long-Distance Walking Trails in Ireland] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://rememberingthe1916rising.wordpress.com/ Remembering The 1916 Rising] A collection of information and memorabilia commemorating the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland<BR> | ||
| + | [https://steemit.com/ireland/@donalfinn/whats-the-craic-in-ireland The Craic] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/the-perfect-book-for-st-patricks-day/2018/03/13/7ffa4554-2609-11e8-bc72-077aa4dab9ef_story.html The Crock of Gold] by James Stephens <BR> | ||
| + | [https://epicchq.com/epic-story-behind-fairytale-of-new-york/ The EPIC untold story behind Fairytale of New York] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.thewildatlanticway.com/ The Wild Atlantic Way]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.wildatlanticwayonline.com/ The Wild Atlantic Way] Alternative Site<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/viewer?mid=16E61vAyo6DlNmiqiija0h27ctAc&hl=en_US&ll=53.453658621237615%2C-8.699149999999994&z=7 The Wild Atlantic Way Map] by Google <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.discoverireland.ie/wild-atlantic-way/map The Wild Atlantic Way Map] by Discover Ireland <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.failteireland.ie/FailteIreland/media/WebsiteStructure/Documents/2_Develop_Your_Business/Key%20Projects/WAW_NationalMap_4.pdf?ext=.pdf The Wild Atlantic Way Map] by Failte Ireland <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Wild-Atlantic-Way-Pocket-Map-dp-0008580006/dp/0008580006/ref=dp_ob_title_bk The Wild Atlantic Way Pocket Map] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.amazon.co.uk/Wild-Atlantic-Route-Guide-Atlas/dp/0955265592/ The Wild Atlantic Way Pocket Route Atlas] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.transportforireland.ie/plan-a-journey/ Transport for Ireland Journey Planner] <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.rte.ie/culture/2020/0605/1145651-you-dont-get-to-be-racist-and-irish-imelda-mays-stunning-poem/ You Don't Get To Be Racist and Irish] a brilliant poem recited by [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imelda_May Imelda May] from her book [https://www.easons.com/a-lick-and-a-promise-imelda-may-9780571542390?srsltid=AfmBOooQZ9KvtVd6EUbXLc47zbhmxa4wD4EHjjPZjktb0swAnGJMZ0we A Lick and a Promise]<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == LaTeX == | ||
[https://www.latex-project.org/get/ Get LaTeX here]<BR> | [https://www.latex-project.org/get/ Get LaTeX here]<BR> | ||
[http://www.tug.org/mactex/index.html MacTeX] for MacOS <BR> | [http://www.tug.org/mactex/index.html MacTeX] for MacOS <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://github.com/HarisIqbal88/PlotNeuralNet PlotNeuralNet] LaTeX code for making neural networks diagrams (and a helpful [https://pub.towardsai.net/creating-stunning-neural-network-visualizations-with-chatgpt-and-plotneuralnet-adab37589e5 blog] about it)<BR> | |
[http://www.tug.org/texworks/ TeXworks] is a lightweight GUI front-end (MacTeX doesn't come with a GUI). Note: you'll have to set TeXworks Preferences > Typesetting to specify where the MacTeX binaries have been installed, e.g. /usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-darwin. <BR> | [http://www.tug.org/texworks/ TeXworks] is a lightweight GUI front-end (MacTeX doesn't come with a GUI). Note: you'll have to set TeXworks Preferences > Typesetting to specify where the MacTeX binaries have been installed, e.g. /usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-darwin. <BR> | ||
[https://tufte-latex.github.io/tufte-latex/ Tufte-Latex] Classes for producing books in the style of [http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/index Edward R. Tufte] (this is how I typeset my book [http://vernon.eu/publications/14_Vernon_Artificial_Cognitive_Systems_Preamble.pdf Artificial Cognitive Systems - A Primer], published by [http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/artificial-cognitive-systems MIT Press])<BR> | [https://tufte-latex.github.io/tufte-latex/ Tufte-Latex] Classes for producing books in the style of [http://www.edwardtufte.com/tufte/index Edward R. Tufte] (this is how I typeset my book [http://vernon.eu/publications/14_Vernon_Artificial_Cognitive_Systems_Preamble.pdf Artificial Cognitive Systems - A Primer], published by [http://mitpress.mit.edu/books/artificial-cognitive-systems MIT Press])<BR> | ||
| Line 246: | Line 418: | ||
[https://texample.net/tikz/ TikZ examples]<BR> | [https://texample.net/tikz/ TikZ examples]<BR> | ||
[https://texample.net/tikz/examples/the-3dplot-package/ The 3D Plot package for TikZ] <BR> | [https://texample.net/tikz/examples/the-3dplot-package/ The 3D Plot package for TikZ] <BR> | ||
| − | + | [http://users.ece.utexas.edu/~garg/dist/listings.pdf The Listings Package]<BR> | |
| + | [https://nasa.github.io/nasa-latex-docs/html/index.html NASA LaTeX Docs] with great examples and templates <BR> | ||
| + | [https://svenhartenstein.de/latex-vorlagen/creating-questionnaires-with-latex/ Creating questionnaires with LaTeX] from Sven Hartenstein <BR> | ||
| + | [https://texdoc.org/serve/tabularx/0 The tabularx package] <BR> | ||
| − | + | == Lisp == | |
[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/dst/www/LispBook/index.html Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation] by David Touretzky | [http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/dst/www/LispBook/index.html Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation] by David Touretzky | ||
| Line 258: | Line 433: | ||
[http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham | [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://sep.turbifycdn.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/acl2.txt?t=1688221954& Lisp Tutorial] (Chapter 2 of [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham) |
<BR> | <BR> | ||
[http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/ Practical Common Lisp] | [http://www.gigamonkeys.com/book/ Practical Common Lisp] | ||
| Line 265: | Line 440: | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
[http://paulgraham.com/index.html Paul Graham's website] ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the [http://paulgraham.com/articles.html essays])<BR> | [http://paulgraham.com/index.html Paul Graham's website] ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the [http://paulgraham.com/articles.html essays])<BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://github.com/norvig/paip-lisp Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp] open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992) <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://bnmcgn.github.io/lisp-guide/lisp-exploration.html Common Lisp REPL Exploration Guide] | |
| + | |||
| + | == Mac == | ||
| − | |||
[https://www.macworld.co.uk/how-to/drive-not-showing-mac-3613422/ How to troubleshoot an external drive] | [https://www.macworld.co.uk/how-to/drive-not-showing-mac-3613422/ How to troubleshoot an external drive] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 291: | Line 467: | ||
You may need to first install the [https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads VirtualBox Extension Pack] which provides support for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 devices | You may need to first install the [https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads VirtualBox Extension Pack] which provides support for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 devices | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
| − | [https://emacsformacosx.com/ Emacs | + | [https://emacsformacosx.com/ Emacs for Mac OS X] |
<BR> | <BR> | ||
[https://candid.technology/photoanalysisd/ Disable photoanalysisd] | [https://candid.technology/photoanalysisd/ Disable photoanalysisd] | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | [https://support.apple.com/en-gb/102605 Reset the SMC of your Mac] | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | [https://mackeeper.com/blog/usb-accessories-disabled-on-mac/?srsltid=AfmBOooKFaZbOd4v0OsF8Tqvod0MrAc5wKAdRkdb6eer-MbeecEe-XVk How to Fix USB Accessories Disabled on Mac] | ||
| + | <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-type-letters-with-accents-on-mac/ How to Type Letters with Accents on Mac] | ||
| − | + | == Machine Learning == | |
| + | (Also see [[#Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[#Robotics|Robotics]]) | ||
| + | === Bayesian Approaches === | ||
[https://machinelearningmastery.com/introduction-to-bayesian-belief-networks/ A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks] <BR> | [https://machinelearningmastery.com/introduction-to-bayesian-belief-networks/ A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks] <BR> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | === Books and Resources === | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
[https://acems.org.au/data-science-machine-learning-book-download Data Science and Machine Learning]; free book to download <BR> | [https://acems.org.au/data-science-machine-learning-book-download Data Science and Machine Learning]; free book to download <BR> | ||
| − | |||
[http://www.deeplearningbook.org/ Deep Learning] by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville <BR> | [http://www.deeplearningbook.org/ Deep Learning] by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville <BR> | ||
| + | [https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" <BR> | ||
[http://www.mbmlbook.com/index.html Model-based Machine Learning], co-authored by Chris Bishop, and the related [https://dotnet.github.io/infer/ Infer.NET] framework running Bayesian inference in graphical models<BR> | [http://www.mbmlbook.com/index.html Model-based Machine Learning], co-authored by Chris Bishop, and the related [https://dotnet.github.io/infer/ Infer.NET] framework running Bayesian inference in graphical models<BR> | ||
[https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bishop-MBML-2012.pdf Model-based Machine Learning Companion Paper], C. M. Bishop, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2013 371: 20120222; see Section 4. for an overview of probabilistic graphical models.<BR> | [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Bishop-MBML-2012.pdf Model-based Machine Learning Companion Paper], C. M. Bishop, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2013 371: 20120222; see Section 4. for an overview of probabilistic graphical models.<BR> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
[https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine. <BR> | [https://www.pyimagesearch.com/deep-learning-computer-vision-python-book/ Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python]; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine. <BR> | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | [https:// | + | === Comparisons === |
| − | + | [https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/classification/plot_classifier_comparison.html Classifier Comparison] with instructive visualization <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.wired.com/video/watch/5-levels-machine-learning Computer Scientist Explains Machine Learning in 5 Levels of Difficulty] <BR> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
[https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/ Neural Network Zoo] from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute <BR> | [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/ Neural Network Zoo] from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute <BR> | ||
[https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works <BR> | [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | |
| − | [ | + | === Datasets === |
| + | [https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.kaggle.com/c/challenges-in-representation-learning-facial-expression-recognition-challenge/data Kaggle Facial Expression Recognition dataset FER13] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Deep Learning === | ||
| + | [https://machinelearningmastery.com/what-is-deep-learning/ Deep Learning] overview <BR> | ||
| + | [http://neuralnetworksanddeeplearning.com/ Neural Networks and Deep Learning] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1702.07800.pdf On the Origin of Deep Learning] Haohan Wang and Bhiksha Raj <BR> | ||
[http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/lecun-98.pdf The original paper on the CNN] by Yann LeCun, Leon Bottio, Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner <BR> | [http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/publis/pdf/lecun-98.pdf The original paper on the CNN] by Yann LeCun, Leon Bottio, Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner <BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | |
| + | === Environments === | ||
| + | [https://colab.research.google.com/?utm_source=scs-index Colab] from Google <BR> | ||
| + | [https://huggingface.co/ Hugging Face] "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications" <BR> | ||
| + | [https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-5/ Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection] (including the use of LSTM)<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Ethical Issues === | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/nov/12/deep-fakes-fake-news-truth Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML] <BR> | ||
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy]<BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/ng-interactive/2019/jun/22/the-rise-of-the-deepfake-and-the-threat-to-democracy The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy]<BR> | ||
| − | [https://www.gwern.net/Tanks | + | [https://www.gwern.net/Tanks The Tank Story] <BR> |
| − | [ | + | |
| + | === Gaussian Processes === | ||
| + | [https://distill.pub/2019/visual-exploration-gaussian-processes/ Gaussian processes] - Visual exploration of Gaussian processes<BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.infinitecuriosity.org/vizgp/ Gaussian processes] - Interactive Gaussian process visualization <BR> | ||
| + | [http://gaussianprocess.org/gpml/ Gaussian processes] - Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~duvenaud/cookbook/ Gaussian processes] - The Kernel Cookbook: Advice on Covariance functions<BR> | ||
| + | [https://towardsdatascience.com/an-intuitive-guide-to-gaussian-processes-ec2f0b45c71d Gaussian processes] - An intuitive guide to Gaussian processes <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/pdf/2009.10862.pdf Gaussian processes] - An Intuitive Tutorial to Gaussian Processes Regression (Wang, 2022) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4vGiHC35j9s Gaussian processes] - Introduction to Gaussian Processes Video Lecture (Nando de Freitas, 2013) <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Generative Adversarial Networks === | ||
| + | [https://medium.com/@jonathan_hui/gan-gan-series-2d279f906e7b GAN Series]; comprehensive overview of Generative Adversarial Networks<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models === | ||
| + | (Also see [[#Vision-Language-Action_Models|Vision-Language-Action Models]] and [[#Limitations_of_AI|Limitations of AI]]) | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://eng.bigai.ai/ Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI)] "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" '''but not based on foundation models'''; <BR> | ||
| + | see also this insightful [https://www.theguardian.com/news/ng-interactive/2025/sep/16/song-chun-zhu-why-one-of-the-worlds-most-brilliant-ai-scientists-left-the-us-for-china article] about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/robot-wrote-this-article-gpt-3 A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human?] GPT-3 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://hai.stanford.edu/news/how-trustworthy-are-large-language-models-gpt How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT?] Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/oct/19/music-lawsuit-ai-song-lyrics-anthropic Music publishers sue Amazon-backed AI company over song lyrics] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/jul/10/sarah-silverman-sues-openai-meta-copyright-infringement Sarah Silverman sues OpenAI and Meta claiming AI training infringed copyright] <BR> | ||
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] <BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/jun/15/techscape-google-chatbot-lamda-sentient-artificial-intelligence TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet] <BR> | ||
| − | [http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks] <BR> | + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/18/meta-ai-llama3-release Meta steps up AI battle with OpenAI and Google with release of Llama 3]<BR> |
| − | [https:// | + | [https://openai.com/index/dall-e-3/ DALL·E 3] Generative AI image creation from OpenAI <BR> |
| + | [https://www.3blue1brown.com/lessons/mini-llm Large Language Models explained briefly] by Grant Sanderson, [https://www.3blue1brown.com/ 3Blue1Brown] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://stability.ai/news/stable-diffusion-3 Stable Diffusion] Generative AI image creation from Stability AI <BR> | ||
| + | [https://updates.midjourney.com/version-6-1/ Midjourney] Generative AI image creation from from Midjourney Inc. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://openai.com/index/gpt-4/ GPT-4] and [https://chatgpt.com/ ChatGPT] from OpenAI <BR> | ||
| + | [https://ai.meta.com/blog/meta-llama-3-1/ Llama 3] from Meta <BR> | ||
| + | [https://gemini.google.com/ Gemini] (formerly known as BARD) from Google <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.wired.com/story/lamda-sentient-ai-bias-google-blake-lemoine/ LaMDA and the Sentient AI Trap]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://humane-ai.dice.aalto.fi/ Collaborative AI Arena] Benchmarking collaborative capabilities of AI in the wild <BR> | ||
| + | [https://truereason.app/chat TrueReason AI Tutor Demo] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/three-things-to-know-about-prompting-llms/ Three Things to Know About Prompting LLMs]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/prompt-engineering-is-dead AI Prompt Engineering is Dead] Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.lakera.ai/blog/what-is-in-context-learning What is In-context Learning, and how does it work: The Beginner’s Guide]<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/what-is-retrieval-augmented-generation/ What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG?] a blog by Nvidia; here is how [https://chat.langchain.com/ Chat LangChain] from [https://www.langchain.com/ LangChain] explains it using [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=4968c618-f1e0-4e81-8283-9ed861bf45aa Claude 3.5 Haiku], [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=efeffb11-a227-41fe-8d40-f5e21288a34b GPT4.1 Mini] and [https://chat.langchain.com/?threadId=fa410c08-9c35-4954-8b30-a2c961006c89 Gemini 2.0 Flash]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://ai.meta.com/blog/adapting-large-language-models-llms/ Methods for adapting large language models] from Meta <BR> | ||
| + | [https://molmo.allenai.org/ Molmo] Multimodal Open Language Model built by [https://allenai.org/ Ai2] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07258 On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models] arXiv article <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Physics Informed Machine Learning === | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JoFW2uSd3Uo High Level Overview of AI and ML in Science and Engineering] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Recurrent Neural Networks === | ||
| + | [https://towardsdatascience.com/illustrated-guide-to-lstms-and-gru-s-a-step-by-step-explanation-44e9eb85bf21 Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-1/ Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.bioinf.jku.at/publications/older/2604.pdf The original paper on the LSTM] by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber <BR> | ||
| + | [http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks] a blog by Andrej Karpathy <BR> | ||
| + | [https://karpathy.github.io/ Andrej Karpathy's Blog] <BR> | ||
[http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/ Understanding LSTMs]<BR> | [http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/ Understanding LSTMs]<BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | |
| + | === Reinforcement Learning === | ||
| + | [https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://bair.berkeley.edu/blog/2017/09/12/learning-to-optimize-with-rl/ Learning to Optimize with Reinforcement Learning] and learning to learn <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.01885 Learning to Optimize] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Robot Learning === | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://www.i-aida.org/resources/robot-learning/ Robot Learning] a talk by Jan Peters <BR> | ||
| + | [https://sites.google.com/view/hirl-education/home Human-Interactive Robot Learning] a course developed in [https://www.humane-ai.eu/project/tmp-038/ Micro Project TMP-038] as part of the [https://www.humane-ai.eu HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence] (click the <strong>Home</strong> text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Self-Supervised Learning === | ||
| + | [https://project.inria.fr/paiss/files/2018/07/zisserman-self-supervised.pdf Self-supervised Learning] Andrew Zisserman <BR> | ||
[https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0]; the slides from his ISCC talk are | [https://medium.com/syncedreview/yann-lecun-cake-analogy-2-0-a361da560dae Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0]; the slides from his ISCC talk are | ||
[https://twitter.com/ylecun/status/1097532314614034433 here] and the video of the talk is [http://isscc.org/2019-videos/ here]<BR> | [https://twitter.com/ylecun/status/1097532314614034433 here] and the video of the talk is [http://isscc.org/2019-videos/ here]<BR> | ||
| − | === | + | === Transformers === |
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2023/file/57a9b97477b67936298489e3c1417b0a-Paper-Conference.pdf Energy Transformer] NeurIPS 2023 (note: Energy Transformers are not the same as Energy-Based Transformers)<BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02092 Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers] arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: Energy-Based Transformers are not the same as Energy Transformers)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.ai4europe.eu/research/research-bundles/multimodal-perception-and-interaction-transformers Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project <BR> | ||
| + | [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/Courses/ACAI2021/Multimodal-Transformer-Tutorial.html Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021 <BR> | ||
| + | [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/TransformerTools.pdf Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers] Research Tools<BR> | ||
| + | [http://crowley-coutaz.fr/jlc/HumanE-AI-Net/TransfomerMicroProject/ReseachChallengesDataSets.pdf Multimodal Perception with Transformers] Research Challenges and Data Sets<BR> | ||
| + | [https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Neuroscience == | ||
[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92864/#ch18_sec1 Did you know that multisensory integration develops late in humans], including [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2012.00077/full visuo-auditory integration] and [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18450446/ visuo-haptic integration]? <BR> | [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK92864/#ch18_sec1 Did you know that multisensory integration develops late in humans], including [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnint.2012.00077/full visuo-auditory integration] and [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18450446/ visuo-haptic integration]? <BR> | ||
[https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/04/has-dopamine-got-us-hooked-on-tech-facebook-apps-addiction Has dopamine got us hooked on technology?] <BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/04/has-dopamine-got-us-hooked-on-tech-facebook-apps-addiction Has dopamine got us hooked on technology?] <BR> | ||
| − | [[ | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvVl8rOEncE How a synapse works], part of an online course on the fundamentals of neuroscience <BR> |
| − | + | [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2023/apr/05/short-term-memory-illusions-study Human memory may be unreliable after just a few seconds]<BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMKc8nfPATI The Brain] A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the brain <BR> | |
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HZh0A-lWSmY The Neuron] A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) of the neuron <BR> | ||
| − | + | == Quantum Computing == | |
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/dec/09/google-unveils-mindboggling-quantum-computing-chip Google unveils ‘mindboggling’ quantum computing chip]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/google-makes-a-major-quantum-computing-breakthrough/ Google’s Quantum Computer Makes a Major Breakthrough in Error Correction] with a deeper analysis of this breakthrough<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-limits-of-quantum-computers/ The Limits of Quantum Computers] which dispels some of the hype around quantum computing<BR> | ||
| − | [[ | + | == Robotics == |
| + | (Also see [[#Artificial_Intelligence|Artificial Intelligence]] and [[#Machine_Learning|Machine Learning]]) | ||
| − | === Robotics === | + | === Cognitive Robotics === |
| − | [https://www. | + | [https://www.ieee-ras.org/cognitive-robotics/ IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics] <BR> |
| − | [ | + | [[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] separate list of links <BR> |
| − | [ | + | |
| − | + | === Competitions === | |
| − | + | [http://parcrobotics.org/ PARC - Pan-African Robotics Competition] <BR> | |
| − | [ | + | |
| − | [https://www. | + | === Conferences === |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=md7YSiNI0aA IROS 2024 Opening Ceremony Video] <BR> | |
| − | + | ||
| + | === Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion === | ||
[https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/wie/ieee-ras-women-in-robotics-panel-discussion Best Practices in Robotics Education] IEEE RAS Women in Robotics Panel Discussion <BR> | [https://ieeetv.ieee.org/channels/wie/ieee-ras-women-in-robotics-panel-discussion Best Practices in Robotics Education] IEEE RAS Women in Robotics Panel Discussion <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.ieee-ras.org/membership/dei-committee IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee] <BR> | ||
[https://blackinrobotics.org/ Black in Robotics] Building Community, Advocating for Diversity, Encouraging Accountability <BR> | [https://blackinrobotics.org/ Black in Robotics] Building Community, Advocating for Diversity, Encouraging Accountability <BR> | ||
| − | |||
[https://robohub.org/iros2020-black-in-robotics-special-series/ Black in Robotics Special Series at IROS 2020 ] <BR> | [https://robohub.org/iros2020-black-in-robotics-special-series/ Black in Robotics Special Series at IROS 2020 ] <BR> | ||
| − | [https://www. | + | [https://www.science.org/toc/scirobotics/9/97 Science Robotics Special Issue: Highlighting diversity, equity, and inclusion in the field of robotics] <BR> |
| − | [ | + | [https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics <BR> |
| − | [https:// | + | [https://www.womeninrobotics.org/ Women in Robotics] <BR> |
| + | |||
| + | === Featured Robots === | ||
| + | [https://beatbots.net Beatbots], including Keepon Pro <BR> | ||
[https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-smart-robot-car-kit-v-4-0 Elegoo robot car] <BR> | [https://www.elegoo.com/products/elegoo-smart-robot-car-kit-v-4-0 Elegoo robot car] <BR> | ||
[https://www.elegoo.com/collections/robot-kits/products/elegoo-tumbller-self-balancing-robot-car Elegoo Tumbller] <BR> | [https://www.elegoo.com/collections/robot-kits/products/elegoo-tumbller-self-balancing-robot-car Elegoo Tumbller] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.hardware-x.com/article/S2468-0672(20)30026-2/fulltext Eva: facially expressive humanoid robotic head] and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OtEKPKdVaI demonstration video]<BR> | ||
[https://www.franka.de/ Franka Emika Robot] <BR> | [https://www.franka.de/ Franka Emika Robot] <BR> | ||
[https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/haru-an-experimental-social-robot-from-honda-research Haru: An Experimental Social Robot From Honda Research] <BR> | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/haru-an-experimental-social-robot-from-honda-research Haru: An Experimental Social Robot From Honda Research] <BR> | ||
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| − | |||
| − | |||
[https://edu.irobot.com/what-we-offer/create-robot iRobot Create 2] <BR> | [https://edu.irobot.com/what-we-offer/create-robot iRobot Create 2] <BR> | ||
[https://edu.irobot.com/create3 iRobot Create 3] <BR> | [https://edu.irobot.com/create3 iRobot Create 3] <BR> | ||
[https://www.robotshop.com/en/lynxmotion-al5d-4-degrees-of-freedom-robotic-arm-combo-kit-no-software.html Lynxmotion AL5D 4DOF Robot Arm] <BR> | [https://www.robotshop.com/en/lynxmotion-al5d-4-degrees-of-freedom-robotic-arm-combo-kit-no-software.html Lynxmotion AL5D 4DOF Robot Arm] <BR> | ||
[https://store.makeblock.com/ Makeblock] robot kits <BR> | [https://store.makeblock.com/ Makeblock] robot kits <BR> | ||
| − | |||
[https://www.mecademic.com/ Meca500 robot arm] <BR> | [https://www.mecademic.com/ Meca500 robot arm] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://www.quanser.com/products/qarm/ Quanser QArm] 4 dof <BR> |
| + | [https://www.zimmerbiomet.com/en/products-and-solutions/zb-edge/robotics/rosa-brain.html# ROSA ONE Brain]: a robotic platform to assist surgeons in planning and performing complex neurosurgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Humanoid Robots === | ||
| + | [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/04/technology/humanoid-robots-1x.html Invasion of the Home Humanoid Robots] New York Times (read carefully; it's not what it appears to be)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/sep/22/its-the-robot-we-were-all-expecting-like-c3po-why-arent-humanoids-in-our-homes-yet "It’s the robot we were all expecting – like C3PO": why aren’t humanoids in our homes yet?] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/10.1142/S0219843623500226 The Importance of Being Humanoid] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Industry === | ||
| + | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/home-robots/anki-jibo-and-kuri-what-we-can-learn-from-social-robotics-failures Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.awarri.com/ Awarri] "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent" <BR> | ||
| + | [https://blog.x.company/introducing-intrinsic-1cf35b87651 Intrinsic] a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics <BR> | ||
| + | [https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/27/the-real-cost-of-robotics/ The real cost of robotics] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Navigation === | ||
| + | [https://www.redblobgames.com/pathfinding/a-star/introduction.html A* Algorithm]: a great place to begin <BR> | ||
| + | [http://theory.stanford.edu/~amitp/GameProgramming/ A* Pages]: super place to learn more <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.growingwiththeweb.com/projects/pathfinding-visualiser/ A* algorithm graphic interactive demo] <BR> | ||
[https://www.kevanahlquist.com/osm_pathfinding/ Pathfinding in maps]: graphic interactive demo of <BR> | [https://www.kevanahlquist.com/osm_pathfinding/ Pathfinding in maps]: graphic interactive demo of <BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR3U1dgc5RE Path planning with A* and RRT & RRT*] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QR3U1dgc5RE Path planning with A* and RRT & RRT*] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | |
| + | === Origins === | ||
| + | [https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/12/19/138508/mighty-mouse/ Theseus] Claude E. Shannon's 1950 maze-learning mouse robot <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Research === | ||
| + | [https://ease-crc.org/ EASE - Everyday Activity Science & Engineering]: how human-scale manipulation tasks can be mastered by robotic agents <BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.commsp.ee.ic.ac.uk/~mcpetrou/V19N4O97.htm Maria Petrou's Ironing Robot Challenge] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Resources === | ||
| + | [https://github.com/Kiloreux/awesome-robotics Awesome Robotics]: a list of various books, courses and other resources for robotics <BR> | ||
| + | [[Cognitive Robotics Resources]] separate list of links <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.human-robot-interaction.org/ Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction] An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović <BR> | ||
| + | [https://robots.ieee.org/ IEEE guide to the world of robots] (this is a new and improved version of what was already a great website)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://robotsguide.com/ IEEE Spectrum robotics features ]<BR> | ||
[https://robohub.org/ RoboHub] All the latest news about robotics <BR> | [https://robohub.org/ RoboHub] All the latest news about robotics <BR> | ||
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| − | |||
[https://www.theconstructsim.com/ The Construct] A Platform to Learn/Teach Robotics from Zero. Everything from robotics theory to ROS based robot programming <BR> | [https://www.theconstructsim.com/ The Construct] A Platform to Learn/Teach Robotics from Zero. Everything from robotics theory to ROS based robot programming <BR> | ||
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| − | |||
[http://roboticsprimer.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page The Robotics Primer Workbook] <BR> | [http://roboticsprimer.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page The Robotics Primer Workbook] <BR> | ||
| − | |||
| − | === | + | === Robot Learning === |
| + | [https://www.i-aida.org/resources/robot-learning/ Robot Learning] a talk by Jan Peters <BR> | ||
| + | [https://sites.google.com/view/hirl-education/home Human-Interactive Robot Learning] a course developed in [https://www.humane-ai.eu/project/tmp-038/ Micro Project TMP-038] as part of the [https://www.humane-ai.eu HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence] (click the <strong>Home</strong> text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === ROS === | ||
| + | [https://www.cse.sc.edu/~jokane/agitr/ A Gentle Introduction to ROS] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Shops === | ||
| + | [https://www.active-robots.com/ Active Robots] online shop <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Simulators === | ||
| + | [https://pybullet.org/wordpress/ Bullet Real-Time Physics Simulation] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Societal Impact and Ethics === | ||
| + | [https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/02/world-economic-forum-automation-create-jobs-employment-robots Here’s why robots are actually going to increase human employment] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://clawar.org/icres2023/ International Conference Series on Robot Ethics and Standards] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20210701125353/https://epsrc.ukri.org/research/ourportfolio/themes/engineering/activities/principlesofrobotics/ Principles of Robotics] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === STEM Education === | ||
[https://meetedison.com/ Edison] <BR> | [https://meetedison.com/ Edison] <BR> | ||
[https://www.wpi.edu/sites/default/files/docs/Offices/Dean-of-Engineering/Kenechukwu%20Mbanisi%20-%20Promoting%20Innovation%20in%20Rwanda%20through%20Robotics%20Education.pdf Promoting Innovation in Rwanda through Robotics Education] <BR> | [https://www.wpi.edu/sites/default/files/docs/Offices/Dean-of-Engineering/Kenechukwu%20Mbanisi%20-%20Promoting%20Innovation%20in%20Rwanda%20through%20Robotics%20Education.pdf Promoting Innovation in Rwanda through Robotics Education] <BR> | ||
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[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10798-015-9310-7 Experiential learning of electronics subject matter in middle school robotics courses] (2015) <BR> | [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10798-015-9310-7 Experiential learning of electronics subject matter in middle school robotics courses] (2015) <BR> | ||
[https://www.shaperobotics.com/ Shape Robotics] Fable robot <BR> | [https://www.shaperobotics.com/ Shape Robotics] Fable robot <BR> | ||
| − | |||
[https://www.kookaburra.com.au/robotics Robotics in Australian Schools] with extensive list of robot resources, including Sphero, Edison, Ozobot, Makeblock, Bee-bot, Tetrix, Botley, Blue-bot, Cozmo, Strawbees <BR> | [https://www.kookaburra.com.au/robotics Robotics in Australian Schools] with extensive list of robot resources, including Sphero, Edison, Ozobot, Makeblock, Bee-bot, Tetrix, Botley, Blue-bot, Cozmo, Strawbees <BR> | ||
[https://tech-labs.com/products/stem-robotics-education Tech-Labs] STEM Robotics Education <BR> | [https://tech-labs.com/products/stem-robotics-education Tech-Labs] STEM Robotics Education <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://www.steamconnection.org/ The Steam Connection] building the future, one robot at a time <BR> | |
| + | [https://coderina.org/first-programs/ Coderina] Engaging Youth in STEM Exploration with FIRST® LEGO® League <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.facebook.com/p/Keza-Education-Future-Lab-100076079992000/ Keza Education Future Lab] for kids aged 3 to 14 <BR> | ||
| + | [http://creativity.rw/ Creativity Lab] STEM education using robots <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/giz-rwanda_expression-of-interest-activity-7143160663555702784-ibzY/ Design Challenge: Call for proposals to design a robotics program and toolkit to be implemented in Rwandan school curricula] and the resultant [https://www.linkedin.com/posts/rwandaict_nationalroboticsprogram-activity-7240653764871782400-WX0Z/ pilot program] with a post on [https://x.com/RwandaICT/status/1834888620534104561 X]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://foundation.ghanarobotics.org/ Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation] <BR> | ||
| − | === | + | === Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) === |
| + | [https://www.sustainablerobotics.org/ Sustainable Robotics] <BR> | ||
| − | + | === Vision-Language-Action Models === | |
| − | + | (Also see [[#Foundation_Models:_Large_Language_Models_.26_Multimodal_Models|Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal_Models]] and [[#Limitations_of_AI|Limitations of AI]]) | |
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| − | === Trinity College Dublin | + | [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/uploads/prod/2023/02/ChatGPT___Robotics.pdf ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilities] Microsoft article <BR> |
| + | [https://blog.research.google/2023/03/palm-e-embodied-multimodal-language.html PaLM-E: An embodied multimodal language model]; also see [https://palm-e.github.io/ palm-e.github.io] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.06817 RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale] arXiv article on RT-1 <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuKAp9a6wMs Supplementary video for RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale] Video<BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.15818 RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control] arXiv article on RT-2<BR> | ||
| + | [https://robotics-transformer2.github.io/ RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models] RT-2 website <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.deepmind.com/blog/rt-2-new-model-translates-vision-and-language-into-action RT-2: New model translates vision and language into action] Google DeepMind Blog <BR> | ||
| + | [https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/scaling-up-learning-across-many-different-robot-types/ RT-X: Scaling up learning across many different robot types] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.01691 Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances] arXiv article on SayCan<BR> | ||
| + | [https://say-can.github.io/ Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances] SayCan website <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.08864 Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models] arXiv article on Open X-Embodiment <BR> | ||
| + | [https://robotics-transformer-x.github.io/ Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models] Open X-Embodiment Website <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vq_DcZ_xc_E Using an LLM to direct our robot Digit] Agility Robotics video <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07843 Foundation Models in Robotics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future by Firoozi et al. on ArXiV] and now in the [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/02783649241281508 International Journal of Robotics Research 2024]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.00055 LEAP: LLM-Generation of Egocentric Action Programs]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14379 Robot Learning in the Era of Foundation Models: A Survey] arXiv article <BR> | ||
| + | [https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08782 Toward General-Purpose Robots via Foundation Models: A Survey and Meta-Analysis] arXiv article <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-024-00862-2 Will generative AI transform robotics?] Nature Machine Intelligence <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.aea7390 Good old-fashioned engineering can close the 100,000-year “data gap” in robotics] Ken Goldberg, Science Robotics <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Self-Organization and Emergence == | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-information-theory-of-life-20151119/ The Information Theory of Life] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://complexityexplained.github.io/ Complexity Explained]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.complexity-explorables.org/ Complexity Explorables] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Software Engineering == | ||
| + | |||
| + | [https://karpathy.medium.com/software-2-0-a64152b37c35 Software 2.0] a blog by Andrej Karpathy (it's from 2017, but still worth reading) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.google.rw/books/edition/Programming_Challenges/NN8J9xId7gkC?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover Programming Challenges] by Steven Skiena and Miguel Revilla. [http://acm.cs.buap.mx/downloads/Programming_Challenges.pdf .] [https://onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8 Online Judge] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://paulgraham.com/index.html Paul Graham's website] ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the [http://paulgraham.com/articles.html essays]).<BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.joser.org/ Journal of Software Engineering for Robotics] <BR> | ||
| + | [http://sereadings.blogspot.com.es/2011/05/10-quotes-from-david-parnas.html 10 Quotes from David Parnas]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://github.com/Droogans/unmaintainable-code How to write unmaintainable code]<BR> | ||
| + | [http://www.jesshamrick.com/2012/09/10/absolute-beginners-guide-to-emacs/ Absolute Beginners Guide to Emacs]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://ethics.acm.org/ ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://ethics.acm.org/ ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct] Official Repository<BR> | ||
| + | [https://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/software-engineering-code/ ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice] Version 5.2, 2016<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.computer.org/education/code-of-ethics IEEE-CS/ACM Code of Ethics]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.hillelwayne.com/post/why-dont-people-use-formal-methods/ Why don't people use formal methods?]<BR> | ||
| + | [http://svnbook.red-bean.com/en/1.8/index.html Version control with Subversion (SNV)]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://blog.osteele.com/2008/05/my-git-workflow/ Oliver Steele's explanation of the Git data transport commands] (nice if you're used to Subversion) <BR> | ||
| + | [https://docs.freebsd.org/en/articles/bsdl-gpl/article.html#:~:text=In%20contrast%20to%20the%20GPL,project's%20or%20company's%20needs%20change. BSD vs. GPL] <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Trinity College Dublin == | ||
[https://scss.tcd.ie/news/item.php?id=143 Computer Science: Then and Now] in honour of Professor John Byrne. | [https://scss.tcd.ie/news/item.php?id=143 Computer Science: Then and Now] in honour of Professor John Byrne. | ||
| Line 452: | Line 773: | ||
[https://scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection] | [https://scss.tcd.ie/SCSSTreasuresCatalog/ The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection] | ||
| + | == Tutorials == | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZHQObOWTQDMsr9K-rj53DwVRMYO3t5Yr 3Blue1Brown: The Essence of Calculus] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZHQObOWTQDMsr9K-rj53DwVRMYO3t5Yr 3Blue1Brown: The Essence of Calculus] <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aircAruvnKk 3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning] <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IHZwWFHWa-w&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=2 3Blue1Brown: Gradient descent, how neural networks learn | Chapter 2, Deep learning]<BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ilg3gGewQ5U&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=3 3Blue1Brown: What is backpropagation really doing? | Chapter 3, Deep learning] <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIeHLnjs5U8&list=PLZHQObOWTQDNU6R1_67000Dx_ZCJB-3pi&index=4 3Blue1Brown: Backpropagation calculus | Chapter 4, Deep learning] <BR> | |
| + | [https://towardsdatascience.com/how-to-create-mathematical-animations-like-3blue1brown-using-python-f571fb9da3d1 How to create mathematical animations like 3blue1brown using Python]<BR> | ||
[https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] <BR> | [https://lilianweng.github.io/posts/2018-02-19-rl-overview/ A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning] <BR> | ||
[http://ep.yimg.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/acl2.txt Lisp Tutorial] (Chapter 2 of [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham) <BR> | [http://ep.yimg.com/ty/cdn/paulgraham/acl2.txt Lisp Tutorial] (Chapter 2 of [http://www.paulgraham.com/acl.html ANSI Common Lisp] by Paul Graham) <BR> | ||
[https://automatetheboringstuff.com/#toc Automate the Boring Stuff]: introduction to Python <BR> | [https://automatetheboringstuff.com/#toc Automate the Boring Stuff]: introduction to Python <BR> | ||
| − | + | [http://www.r-bloggers.com/what-does-a-data-scientist-do/ What does a data scientist do?]<br> | |
| − | + | [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/12.html Why Model?]<BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYPapE-3FRw Feynman on the Scientific Method]<BR> | |
| − | [http://www.r-bloggers.com/what-does-a-data-scientist-do/ What does a data scientist do?] | + | [https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Bayes/bnintro.html#appl A brief introduction to graphical models and Bayesian networks]<BR> |
| − | <br> | + | [http://saliency.mit.edu/ECCVTutorial/ECCV_saliency.htm Visual attention: new directions in saliency research]<BR> |
| − | [http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/11/4/12.html Why Model?] | + | [https://brilliant.org/wiki/poisson-distribution/ The Poisson distribution] and [https://www.umass.edu/wsp/resources/poisson/problems.html Poisson distribution problems]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://developer.ibm.com/articles/cc-beginner-guide-machine-learning-ai-cognitive/ A Beginner's Guide to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Computing]<BR> |
| − | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYPapE-3FRw Feynman on the Scientific Method] | + | [https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-1/ Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-5/ Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection] (including the use of LSTM)<BR> |
| − | [https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~murphyk/Bayes/bnintro.html#appl A brief introduction to graphical models and Bayesian networks] | + | [https://towardsdatascience.com/illustrated-guide-to-lstms-and-gru-s-a-step-by-step-explanation-44e9eb85bf21 Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/ Understanding LSTMs]<BR> |
| − | [http://saliency.mit.edu/ECCVTutorial/ECCV_saliency.htm Visual attention: new directions in saliency research] | + | [http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/ Neural Network Zoo] from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute<BR> |
| − | [https://brilliant.org/wiki/poisson-distribution/ The Poisson distribution] and [https://www.umass.edu/wsp/resources/poisson/problems.html Poisson distribution problems] | + | [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://jalammar.github.io/illustrated-transformer/ The Illustrated Transformer] by Jay Alammar<BR> |
| − | [https://developer.ibm.com/articles/cc-beginner-guide-machine-learning-ai-cognitive/ A Beginner's Guide to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Computing] | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0eN_FhEBzs TrinketIO: How to Embed a Python Interpreter in Your Website?] <BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-1/ Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks] | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [https://developer.ibm.com/tutorials/iot-deep-learning-anomaly-detection-5/ Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection] (including the use of LSTM) | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [https://towardsdatascience.com/illustrated-guide-to-lstms-and-gru-s-a-step-by-step-explanation-44e9eb85bf21 Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation] | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [http://colah.github.io/posts/2015-08-Understanding-LSTMs/ Understanding LSTMs] | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [http://karpathy.github.io/2015/05/21/rnn-effectiveness/ The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks] | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo/ Neural Network Zoo] from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | [https://www.asimovinstitute.org/neural-network-zoo-prequel-cells-layers/ Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers] with more detail on how each cell type works | + | |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | == Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology == | |
| − | + | [https://www.asme.org/topics-resources/content/10-influential-women-in-engineering 10 Influential Women in Engineering] <BR> | |
| − | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GMOqpxlW66E Science: It's a Girl Thing] This is object lesson on <span style="color:#FF0000">how <strong>not</strong> to think</span> about women in science: ... so many stereotypes, so much bias, so very sad. <BR> | |
[https://barbie.mattel.com/en-us/about/barbie-tynker.html Barbie Robotics Engineer: inspiring girls to learn how to write software] <BR> | [https://barbie.mattel.com/en-us/about/barbie-tynker.html Barbie Robotics Engineer: inspiring girls to learn how to write software] <BR> | ||
[https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Rwanda-is-pushing-gender-diversity-in-tech-12496643.php Gender diversity in technology in Rwanda] <BR> | [https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Rwanda-is-pushing-gender-diversity-in-tech-12496643.php Gender diversity in technology in Rwanda] <BR> | ||
| − | [https:// | + | [https://wie.ieee.org/ IEEE Women in Engineering (WiE)] <BR> |
| − | [https:// | + | [https://www.ieee-ras.org/women-in-engineering IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Women in Engineering (WiE)] <BR> |
| − | + | [https://www.linkedin.com/groups/4558565/ IEEE Robotics & Automation Society - Women in Engineering (WiE)] LinkedIn <BR> | |
[https://www.inwed.org.uk/ International Women in Engineering Day] <BR> | [https://www.inwed.org.uk/ International Women in Engineering Day] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCNuPcf8L00 Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech] Not specifically science, engineering, and technology, but a brilliant riposte to misogynistic attitudes and gender bias, in general <BR> |
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEIImpjmAq8PkEY60GZAjxw Levers in Heels] Bringing visibility to African women in STEM <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MWBSSKtnBM Life in The Largest Urban Slum | Delphine Nyaboke | TEDxKigali Women] An inspirational TEDx talk by an engineer who triumphed despite the odds ... and yet, she still faces ongoing challenges, as do all her compatriots<BR> | ||
[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/08/why-are-there-so-few-women-in-tech-the-truth-behind-the-google-memo On the gender gap in technology] (read the last four paragraphs if you're short of time)<BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/aug/08/why-are-there-so-few-women-in-tech-the-truth-behind-the-google-memo On the gender gap in technology] (read the last four paragraphs if you're short of time)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/jun/16/the-five-unsung-female-scientists-overlook-credit-stolen-jean-purdy The five: unsung female scientists] <BR> | ||
The [http://www.sheplusplus.org/ SHE++ website] is gone, but you can still watch the [https://vimeo.com/63877454 video], check it on [https://www.facebook.com/ShePlusPlus/ Facebook], or go to [http://www.sheplusplus.london/ SHE++ London] <BR> | The [http://www.sheplusplus.org/ SHE++ website] is gone, but you can still watch the [https://vimeo.com/63877454 video], check it on [https://www.facebook.com/ShePlusPlus/ Facebook], or go to [http://www.sheplusplus.london/ SHE++ London] <BR> | ||
[http://rarlindseysmash.com/WiCVis/index.html Timeline of Women in Computing] <BR> | [http://rarlindseysmash.com/WiCVis/index.html Timeline of Women in Computing] <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://sites.google.com/andrew.cmu.edu/the-no-excuses-list/home The No Excuses List] Women Faculty in Robotics <BR> | |
| − | + | == Writing == | |
| − | [[ | + | === Composition === |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://leadingwithquestions.com/personal-growth/is-this-the-best-you-can-do-henry-kissinger-on-work-ethic/ Henry Kissinger: "Is this the best you can do?"] On the importance of exhaustive revision<BR> |
| − | [https:// | + | [http://www.openculture.com/2013/02/seven_tips_from_ernest_hemingway_on_how_to_write_fiction.html Seven tips from Ernest Hemingway on how to write fiction] Also useful for writing dissertations<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://helenlewis.substack.com/p/the-bluestocking-on-writing The Bluestocking: On Writing] Helen’s Big Rules of Writing<BR> |
| + | An example of inspirational writing: [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2008/06/text-of-j-k-rowling-speech/ The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination] 2008 Harvard Commencement Address by J. K. Rowling, the [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHGqp8lz36c video], and the [https://www.jkrowling.com/book/very-good-lives Very Good Lives] book <BR> | ||
| + | An example of inspirational writing: [https://home.dartmouth.edu/news/2024/06/2024-commencement-address-roger-federer 2024 Dartmouth Commencement Address by Roger Federer] and a [https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/6414410/2025/06/10/roger-federer-viral-commencement-speech/ commentary in the New York Times]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2023/nov/08/salman-rushdie-peace-freedom-barbie-myths-fables An example of great narrative writing]: 'The good guys don’t always win': Salman Rushdie on peace, Barbie, and what freedom cost him. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2014/advanced-information/ An example of great technical writing]: Scientific Background: The Brain’s Navigational Place and Grid Cell System ([http://www.nobelprizemedicine.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Scintific-background_2014.pdf pdf])<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.amazon.com/Thinking-Threes-Power-Three-Writing/dp/1877673676 Thinking in Threes: The Power of Three in Writing]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rule_of_three_(writing) The Rule of Three in Writing]<BR> | ||
| + | Brevity: "I have made this longer than usual because I have not had time to make it shorter", Blaise Pascal, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales Lettres Provinciales], Lettre XVI; also see [https://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/04/28/shorter-letter/ here] and [https://www.quora.com/Who-wrote-the-quote-If-I-had-more-time-I-would-have-written-you-a-shorter-letter here] for details, and [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=769385 here] for variations on the theme. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/writing-resources/different-genres/white-papers White Papers] and how to write them <BR> | ||
| + | [https://liberalarts.oregonstate.edu/wlf/what-satire What is satire?] Comprehensive explanation with very helpful examples.<BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Style === | ||
[http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/english/estyle The Elements of Style] <BR> | [http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/english/estyle The Elements of Style] <BR> | ||
| − | [[ | + | [http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/dvm/papers/pedant.txt Rules of English Style] by [https://cpsc.yale.edu/people/drew-mcdermott Drew McDermott]<BR> |
| − | [https://www. | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_(symbol) Using the prime symbol to designate units]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/checklist.html SI Unit rules and style conventions]<BR> |
| − | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ | + | [https://www.grammarbook.com/numbers/numbers.asp Writing Numbers]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/Abbreviations/faq0095.html 5 am or 5 a.m.] The Chicago Manual of Style on how to write abbreviations for ''ante meridiem'' (before noon) and ''post meridiem'' (after noon).<BR> |
| − | [ | + | [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/neither#:~:text=Is%20it%20'neither%20is'%20or,those%20are%20going%20to%20work.%22 Is it 'neither is' or 'neither are'?]<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/03/title-case-and-sentence-case-capitalization-in-apa-style.HTML Title Case and Sentence Case Capitalization in APA Style] <BR> |
| − | [ | + | [https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/qanda/data/faq/topics/HyphensEnDashesEmDashes/faq0138.html Axes]: set the X, Y, and Z in capitals and italics, and use a hyphen.<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_spelling Oxford Spelling] and why using "-ize" rather than "-ise" is correct, even in British English. <BR> |
| − | [https:// | + | [https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/beg-the-question#:~:text=Begging%20the%20question%20means%20%22to,phrase%20itself%20comes%20from%20a To Beg the question] explained (and why one should avoid phrases with esoteric or ambiguous meanings, even when used correctly)<BR> |
| − | <BR> | + | |
| + | === Grammar === | ||
| + | [https://portlandenglish.edu/blog/difference-gerund-present-participle/ Clear explanation of the difference between the gerund and the present participle], i.e. words ending in "-ing"<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.latimes.com/socal/burbank-leader/news/tn-blr-xpm-2006-08-16-blr-aword16-story.html On dangling prepositions and rules "up with which I will not put"] (here is the [http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/001715.html Benjamin G. Zimmer article] on the quotation)<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.link.cs.cmu.edu/link/index.html Link Grammar] a syntactic parser for the Link grammar of English, with a neat interactive sentence parser that identifies the parts of speech. <BR> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Punctuation === | ||
[https://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp Punctuation rules: commas]; also see Section 2 in [http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/english/estyle The Elements of Style] | [https://www.grammarbook.com/punctuation/commas.asp Punctuation rules: commas]; also see Section 2 in [http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/english/estyle The Elements of Style] | ||
<BR> | <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://getproofed.com.au/writing-tips/should-footnote-markers-go-after-the-punctuation/ Footnote markers are placed after the punctuation mark] <BR> | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
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| − | <BR> | + | |
| − | + | == Writing - The Benefits of Taking Handwritten Notes == | |
| − | + | [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797614524581 The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking]<BR> | |
| − | <BR> | + | [https://www.chronicle.com/article/the-benefits-of-no-tech-note-taking/?bc_nonce=ngt10fme5ya5nw0sfxzd6g&cid=reg_wall_signup The Benefits of No-Tech Note Taking] <BR> |
| − | + | [https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/memory-medic/201303/why-writing-hand-could-make-you-smarter Why Writing by Hand Could Make You Smarter] <BR> | |
| − | <BR> | + | ... and on a related topic: <BR> |
| − | [https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/memory-medic/201303/why-writing-hand-could-make-you-smarter Why Writing by Hand Could Make You Smarter] | + | [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/jan/17/kids-reading-better-paper-vs-screen Kids learn better on paper, not screens] |
| − | + | == Odds and Ends == | |
[https://www.boredpanda.com/top-100-world-photos-influential-all-time/ 100 Photos - The most influential images of all time]. The [http://100photos.time.com/ link to the original Time website] is broken<BR> | [https://www.boredpanda.com/top-100-world-photos-influential-all-time/ 100 Photos - The most influential images of all time]. The [http://100photos.time.com/ link to the original Time website] is broken<BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IBtw-VZfhlWDYCcj8o00PP8bJQNxo6IARa4hYf5bASc/edit A Short Guide to Sharing Pronouns for Trans Allies] <BR> | |
[https://web.archive.org/web/20130315075433/http://www.lhup.edu/~DSIMANEK/administ.htm Administratium] <BR> | [https://web.archive.org/web/20130315075433/http://www.lhup.edu/~DSIMANEK/administ.htm Administratium] <BR> | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophenia Apophenia] <BR> | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apophenia Apophenia] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.armandhammer.com/en/articles/baking-soda-vs-baking-powder Baking Powder versus Baking Soda (Bicarbonate of Soda))] <BR> | ||
[https://batteryuniversity.com/ Battery University] <BR> | [https://batteryuniversity.com/ Battery University] <BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCpXMy5GalI Bing Crosby & David Bowie] Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy duet <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCpXMy5GalI Bing Crosby & David Bowie] Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy duet <BR> | ||
| Line 566: | Line 879: | ||
[https://www.cadmusjournal.org/files/pdfreprints/vol2issue1/reprint-cj-v2-i1-complex-vs-complicated-systems-rpoli.pdf Complicated vs. Complex] A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli <BR> | [https://www.cadmusjournal.org/files/pdfreprints/vol2issue1/reprint-cj-v2-i1-complex-vs-complicated-systems-rpoli.pdf Complicated vs. Complex] A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli <BR> | ||
[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51235105 Covid-19 pandemic: Tracking the global coronavirus outbreak] <BR> | [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-51235105 Covid-19 pandemic: Tracking the global coronavirus outbreak] <BR> | ||
| − | |||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dx6HojLBsnw Dilbert - The Knack] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dx6HojLBsnw Dilbert - The Knack] <BR> | ||
[https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2017/9/220429-divination-by-program-committee/fulltext Divination by Program Committee] <BR> | [https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2017/9/220429-divination-by-program-committee/fulltext Divination by Program Committee] <BR> | ||
[https://emojipedia.org/ Emojipedia] <BR> | [https://emojipedia.org/ Emojipedia] <BR> | ||
[https://libguides.ala.org/filing-rules Filing Rules] for listing names beginning with Mc and Mac <BR> | [https://libguides.ala.org/filing-rules Filing Rules] for listing names beginning with Mc and Mac <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt47egKbdlqcUHUJ26vUvzS3ppuzLJV9n Flanders and Swann]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.trinet.com/insights/generations-in-the-workplace-boomers-gen-x-gen-y-and-gen-z-explained Generational Differences in the Workplace: Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z Explained]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRZGdvJQnPU Gyroscopic Precession] is Easier Than You Think! <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/31/style/kilian-journet-states-of-elevation-14ers.html He Wants to Climb Nearly All of America’s Tallest Peaks. In a Month.] by Scott Cacciola <BR> | ||
[https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/heilmeier-catechism Heilmeier's catechism for researchers] <BR> | [https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/heilmeier-catechism Heilmeier's catechism for researchers] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://spectrum.ieee.org/search/?q=history+of+technology History of Technology] articles from IEEE Spectrum <BR> | ||
| + | [[File:new.jpg]] [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/16/opinion/jk-rowling-transphobia.html In Defense of J.K. Rowling] (and read [https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/jk-rowling-on-twitter-why-the-harry-potter-author-has-been-accused-of-transphobia-on-social-media-platforms-2877977 a full account of the controversy] by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman), and a more recent [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/apr/18/jk-rowling-harry-potter-gender-critical-campaigner update] by Caroline Davies in The Guardian<BR> | ||
[http://xkcd.com/1185/ Ineffective Sorts] <BR> | [http://xkcd.com/1185/ Ineffective Sorts] <BR> | ||
| − | [ | + | [https://artuk.org/discover/artworks/the-shortening-winters-day-is-near-a-close-102509 The Shortening Winter's Day is near a Close] Joseph Farquharson (1846–1935); |
| + | also see [https://artuk.org/discover/curations/joseph-farquharson-snow-sheep-and-sun Joseph Farquharson: Snow, sheep and sun]<BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCNuPcf8L00 Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCNuPcf8L00 Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech] <BR> | ||
[https://masterplan2020.kigalicity.gov.rw/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=218a2e3088064fc6b13198b4304f3d35/ Kigali Master Plan 2020]<BR> | [https://masterplan2020.kigalicity.gov.rw/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=218a2e3088064fc6b13198b4304f3d35/ Kigali Master Plan 2020]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.lesswrong.com/ Less Wrong] A website dedicated to rationality. <BR> | ||
| + | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_condiments List of condiments] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXlfXirQF3A Lobachevsky] by Tom Lehrer (also read [https://www.theguardian.com/music/article/2024/may/22/my-songs-spread-like-herpes-why-did-satirical-genius-tom-lehrer-swap-worldwide-fame-for-obscurity ‘My songs spread like herpes’: why did satirical genius Tom Lehrer swap worldwide fame for obscurity?]) <BR> | ||
[https://www.makerbeam.com/ MakerBeam] very neat kits that use 1 cm and 1.5 cm extruded aluminium for building mechanical frames for any purpose <BR> | [https://www.makerbeam.com/ MakerBeam] very neat kits that use 1 cm and 1.5 cm extruded aluminium for building mechanical frames for any purpose <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.markdownguide.org Markdown Guide]<BR> | ||
[http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting MediaWiki Formatting Guide] <BR> | [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting MediaWiki Formatting Guide] <BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaqR3G_NVoo Merge-sort folk dance] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XaqR3G_NVoo Merge-sort folk dance] <BR> | ||
| Line 584: | Line 907: | ||
[https://slidehunter.com/ Slide Hunter] Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates<BR> | [https://slidehunter.com/ Slide Hunter] Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates<BR> | ||
[https://www.presentationgo.com/ Presentation Go] Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates <BR> | [https://www.presentationgo.com/ Presentation Go] Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/ Presidential Actions] aka Executive Orders; [https://aplu-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/APLU-Overview-of-Trump-EOs.pdf Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) Overview of President Trump's Executive Orders]<BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tas0O586t80 Program in C] The Little Mermaid <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tas0O586t80 Program in C] The Little Mermaid <BR> | ||
[https://online2pdf.com/reduce-pdf-file-size# Reduce PDF File Size] <BR> | [https://online2pdf.com/reduce-pdf-file-size# Reduce PDF File Size] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://online2pdf.com/en/cut-pdf-pages-into-halves Cut PDF pages into halves]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/building-roadmaps-sloman.pdf What’s a Research Roadmap For? Why do we need one? How can we produce one?] ([https://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/talks/#talk42 linked from Aaron Sloman's website]) <BR> | ||
[https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/89511/robert-frost-the-road-not-taken Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken] and how it is almost universally misunderstood <BR> | [https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/89511/robert-frost-the-road-not-taken Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken] and how it is almost universally misunderstood <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.seatguru.com/airlines/RwandAir/RwandAir_WB_Airbus_A330-200.php RwandAir Airbus A330 Seat Plan]<BR> | ||
[http://www.rwenzoritrekking.com/ Rwenzori Trekking] <BR> | [http://www.rwenzoritrekking.com/ Rwenzori Trekking] <BR> | ||
[https://www.pc2paper.co.uk/ PC2Paper Send Letters from the Internet] <BR> | [https://www.pc2paper.co.uk/ PC2Paper Send Letters from the Internet] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/8520610-quiet Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking] by [https://susancain.net/ Susan Cain]; and watch her TED talk [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0KYU2j0TM4 The Power of Introverts] <BR> | ||
[https://medium.com/@m.shanahan/revisiting-rwanda-60e3afec425 Revisiting Rwanda] by Murray Shanahan <BR> | [https://medium.com/@m.shanahan/revisiting-rwanda-60e3afec425 Revisiting Rwanda] by Murray Shanahan <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AXff6NYJ2ps Riverdance] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://symbolikon.com/ Symbolikon] 4000+ symbols from around the world <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/what-happens-your-body-brain-while-you-sleep-ncna805276 Sleep] What Happens in Your Body and Brain While You Sleep<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2016/12/09/7-ways-sleep-affects-the-brain-and-what-happens-if-it-doesnt-get-enough/?sh=722c0e2753cc Sleep] 7 Ways Sleep Affects The Brain (And What Happens If It Doesn't Get Enough) <BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH6QD0MgqDQ Tactile Sensing] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HH6QD0MgqDQ Tactile Sensing] <BR> | ||
[http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Four_Stages_of_Team_Development Teamwork]: The four stages of team development <BR> | [http://apppm.man.dtu.dk/index.php/Four_Stages_of_Team_Development Teamwork]: The four stages of team development <BR> | ||
| Line 597: | Line 929: | ||
[http://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/gallery/2014/nov/17/best-optical-illusions-ever-clive-gifford-eye-benders#img-8 The Guardian Optical Illusions] <BR> | [http://www.theguardian.com/childrens-books-site/gallery/2014/nov/17/best-optical-illusions-ever-clive-gifford-eye-benders#img-8 The Guardian Optical Illusions] <BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG9TMn1FJzc The incredible ibex defies gravity and climbs a dam | Forces of Nature with Brian Cox - BBC] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG9TMn1FJzc The incredible ibex defies gravity and climbs a dam | Forces of Nature with Brian Cox - BBC] <BR> | ||
| − | + | [https://commonslibrary.org/the-intertwine-charter-going-beyond-anti-discrimination-and-towards-pro-active-change-to-welcome-others/ The Intertwine Charter: Going beyond anti-discrimination and towards pro-active change to welcome others] <BR> | |
[https://uxdesign.cc/the-knowns-and-unknowns-framework-for-design-thinking-6537787de2c5 The knowns and unknowns framework for design thinking] <BR> | [https://uxdesign.cc/the-knowns-and-unknowns-framework-for-design-thinking-6537787de2c5 The knowns and unknowns framework for design thinking] <BR> | ||
[http://thepointmag.com/ The Point Magazine] <BR> | [http://thepointmag.com/ The Point Magazine] <BR> | ||
| Line 603: | Line 935: | ||
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns There are known knowns] <BR> | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_known_knowns There are known knowns] <BR> | ||
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REWeBzGuzCc Video of Donald Rumsfeld's famous use of the knowns and unknowns framework in 2002] <BR> | [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REWeBzGuzCc Video of Donald Rumsfeld's famous use of the knowns and unknowns framework in 2002] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuvRHuqLf6F3tV3jA2cyhUA Tom Lehrer playlist]<BR> | ||
[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/nov/24/have-toys-got-too-brainy-how-playthings-became-teaching-aids-young-children Toys and Child Development] one quote, in an article full of quotable quotes: "The best toys are 90% the kid, 10% the toy”, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek<BR> | [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/nov/24/have-toys-got-too-brainy-how-playthings-became-teaching-aids-young-children Toys and Child Development] one quote, in an article full of quotable quotes: "The best toys are 90% the kid, 10% the toy”, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek<BR> | ||
| + | [https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Transportation/Types_of_orbits Types of Orbit]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://askubuntu.com/questions/345083/how-do-i-disable-automatic-remote-printer-installation How to disable automatic remote printer installation on Ubuntu] <BR> | ||
[http://setosa.io/#/ Visual explanations] <BR> | [http://setosa.io/#/ Visual explanations] <BR> | ||
| + | [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winprog/windows-data-types Windows data types]<BR> | ||
| + | [https://github.com/tpn/winsdk-7/blob/master/v7.1A/Include/Windows.h Windows include files], e.g., windows.h<BR> | ||
[https://globalsouthstudies.as.virginia.edu/what-is-global-south What / Where is the Global South?] <BR> | [https://globalsouthstudies.as.virginia.edu/what-is-global-south What / Where is the Global South?] <BR> | ||
| − | [https://www. | + | [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/22/what-is-the-meaning-of-life-15-possible-answers-from-a-palliative-care-doctor-a-holocaust-survivor-a-jail-inmate-and-more What is the meaning of life? 15 possible answers – from a palliative care doctor, a Holocaust survivor, a jail inmate and more] <BR> |
| + | [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2025/jan/14/switching-smartphone-for-dumbphone-guide You don’t need a smartphone: a practical, personal guide to downgrading your device]<BR> | ||
Latest revision as of 06:58, 19 November 2025
Contents
- 1 Africa
- 2 Art
- 3 Artificial Cognitive Systems
- 4 Artificial Intelligence
- 5 Autonomy
- 6 Cognitive Robotics
- 7 Computer Vision
- 8 Control
- 9 Copyright
- 10 Cybernetics and System Dynamics
- 11 Cycling
- 12 Engineering Education
- 13 Engineering Mathematics
- 14 Free Energy Principle and Active Inference
- 15 Fountain Pens
- 16 Graphs and Networks
- 17 Helping People in Need
- 18 History of Technology
- 19 Information Theory
- 20 Innovation and Entrepreneurship
- 21 Ireland
- 22 LaTeX
- 23 Lisp
- 24 Mac
- 25 Machine Learning
- 25.1 Bayesian Approaches
- 25.2 Books and Resources
- 25.3 Comparisons
- 25.4 Datasets
- 25.5 Deep Learning
- 25.6 Environments
- 25.7 Ethical Issues
- 25.8 Gaussian Processes
- 25.9 Generative Adversarial Networks
- 25.10 Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models
- 25.11 Physics Informed Machine Learning
- 25.12 Recurrent Neural Networks
- 25.13 Reinforcement Learning
- 25.14 Robot Learning
- 25.15 Self-Supervised Learning
- 25.16 Transformers
- 26 Neuroscience
- 27 Quantum Computing
- 28 Robotics
- 28.1 Cognitive Robotics
- 28.2 Competitions
- 28.3 Conferences
- 28.4 Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
- 28.5 Featured Robots
- 28.6 Humanoid Robots
- 28.7 Industry
- 28.8 Navigation
- 28.9 Origins
- 28.10 Research
- 28.11 Resources
- 28.12 Robot Learning
- 28.13 ROS
- 28.14 Shops
- 28.15 Simulators
- 28.16 Societal Impact and Ethics
- 28.17 STEM Education
- 28.18 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
- 28.19 Vision-Language-Action Models
- 29 Self-Organization and Emergence
- 30 Software Engineering
- 31 Trinity College Dublin
- 32 Tutorials
- 33 Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology
- 34 Writing
- 35 Writing - The Benefits of Taking Handwritten Notes
- 36 Odds and Ends
signifies a recently added item
Africa
A collection of links mapping out the many aspects of AI and robotics in Africa.
African Concept of Time, a Socio-Cultural Reality in the Process of Change (Babalola and Aloken 2013)
Justification of the concept of time in Africa (Nnajiofor 2016)
On the impossibility of speaking of Africa Speech by the former President of the Federal Republic of Germany, Horst Köhler
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals
Art
Whisper of Sunshine by Tatiana Iliina, 2017
Odessey by Julia Conacessi, 2017
Berenices by Petros Koublis
The Shortening Winter's Day is near a Close by Joseph Farquharson, 1903;
also see Joseph Farquharson: Snow, sheep and sun
When Snow the Pasture Sheets by Joseph Farquharson, c. 1915
Joseph Farquharson: Snow, sheep and sun by Joseph Farquharson
Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer) by Claude Monet, 1890-91; also see Wikapedia article on the full 25 paintings in the series
Norham Castle, Sunrise by Joseph Mallord William Turner, c. 1845
Cliff Walk at Pourville by Claude Monet, 1882
Artificial Cognitive Systems
Artificial Cognitive Systems (a separate list of links)
Artificial Intelligence
(Also see Machine Learning and Robotics)
Origins
A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, August 31, 1955
Foundations and Grand Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: AAAI Presidential Address Raj Reddy (1988)
MYCIN expert system for infectious disease therapy A milestone in AI
MYCIN Book
Natural selection and the emergence of mind Speech by Karl Popper about Charles Darwin
The Chinese Room
AI in Society
AI Act Tutorial, prepared by Mireille Hildebrandt, Radboud University, for the HumanE-AI-net European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence.
AI FORA - AI for Assessment
AI for Good Foundation
AI for Good Global Summit
AI in Europe
A.I. Is Starting to Wear Down Democracy New York Times
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Africa
Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Machine Learning in Africa
Black in AI
Cooperative AI Foundation
Feeding the Machine: The Hidden Human Labour Powering AI (edited extract) and An interview with the authors
From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article
Human-centric AI: philosophical and community-centric considerations featuring Ubuntu philosophy and maximum feasible participation
Next Time You Consult an A.I. Chatbot, Remember One Thing
No god in the machine: the pitfalls of AI worship
OECD National AI policies & strategies
The Fourth Industrial Revolution - what it means and how to respond
The One Danger That Should Unite the U.S. and China; also see Tom Friedman’s A.I. Nightmare and What the U.S. Can Do to Avoid It
The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy
The role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals Nature Communications (2020)
White Paper on Artificial Intelligence from the European Commission
AI in Business
AI Transformation Playbook
Artificial Intelligence for the Real World A Harvard Business Review perspective on using artificial cognitive capabilities in business
How to choose your first AI project Andrew Ng in Harvard Business Review 2019
Sizing the prize What's the real value of AI for your business and how can you capitalise? PWC report
Why we decided to relocate the headquarters of our AI company from the US to Ireland
An op-ed by Daryll Williams, Founder, CEO, and Chief Scientist of Partsol, articulating a visionary stance on the importance of the European AI Act, and the benefits of a symbiosis of innovation and regulation in AI, especially where trustworthy AI is paramount (pdf version here).
AI Education
(Also see Tutorials.)
AI4ALL
AI4K12
FIRST: A global robotics community preparing young people for the future
MinnaLearn Three popular courses: Elements of AI, Building AI, and AI for Built Environment
Neuromatch Academy: courses on computational neuroscience, neuroAI, and deep learning.
NB: course costs are dependent on location (e.g., cost for students in Rwanda are ten times less than costs for students in Ireland).
Teaching AI to young people
The Artificial Intelligence Wiki A Beginner’s Guide to Important Topics in AI, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning.
Inside AI: An Algorithmic Adventure. Published by UNESCO, this is a graphic novel, for people who want to understand AI and its impact on society.
Note: this is an intentionally inclusive book, in all the best senses of the term. For that alone, it's worth reading.
State of AI
12 Graphs That Explain the State of AI in 2025
The AI Index 2025 Stanford University - Human-Centred Artificial Intelligence
AI at a Crossroads.
Artificial Intelligence’s Grand Challenges: Past, Present, and Future Ganesh Mani (2021).
Artificial Intelligence - Past, Present, and Future.
Artificial Intelligence — The Revolution Hasn’t Happened Yet by Michael I. Jordan, with commentaries
Cooperative AI Open Problems.
Will the Future of AI Learning Depend More on Nature or Nurture? Yann LeCun and Gary Marcus debate
A.I. Videos Have Never Been Better. Can You Tell What’s Real?
AI 2027 D. Kokotajlo, S. Alexander, T. Larsen, E. Lifland, and R. Dean "predict that the impact of superhuman AI over the next decade will be enormous, exceeding that of the Industrial Revolution"
Deep Neural Nets: 33 years ago and 33 years from now a blog by Andrej Karpathy
Limitations of AI
(But also see Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal_Models and Vision-Language-Action Models)
AI has a loose relationship with the truth Jaime Fernández Fisac, IEEE Spectrum (longer version)
A.I. Is Getting More Powerful, but Its Hallucinations Are Getting Worse
"AI is neither artificial nor intelligent" Interview with Kate Crawford, author of Atlas of AI
Artificial Intelligence Meets Natural Stupidity Drew McDermott's old (1974) but still relevant plea for more critical self-appraisal by AI researchers (see, especially, the last section "Benediction").
AI-assisted plagiarism? ChatGPT bot says it has an answer for that - ChatGPT: "It looks like a confident bullshitter that can write very convincing nonsense".
Beware the ‘botshit’: why generative AI is such a real and imminent threat to the way we live
Can ChatGPT-like Generative Models Guarantee Factual Accuracy? On the Mistakes of Microsoft’s New Bing
Can computers learn common sense?
ChatGPT/LLM Errors
ChatGPT fails
Crochet enthusiasts asked ChatGPT for patterns. The results are ‘cursed’
Ernest Davis LLM-Failures wiki
From fear to action: AI governance and opportunities for all Frontiers in Computer Science Opinion Article
How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT? Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence
LLM failure archive (ChatGPT and beyond)
Misinformation, mistakes and the Pope in a puffer: what rapidly evolving AI can – and can’t – do
Next Time You Consult an A.I. Chatbot, Remember One Thing
Review of John Haugland's "Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea" by John McCarthy
TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet
The Stupidity of AI ChatGPT is "inherently stupid ... it has no relation to reality whatsoever."
What DALL-E 2 can and cannot do by LessWrong. Notice in the first image the physical implausibility of the mannequin fingers morphing into folds in the dress.
What to Expect When You’re Expecting … GPT-4 by Gary Markus
Ethics in AI
Algorithmic Justice League
Assessment List for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence for self-assessment
Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML
Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI from the European Commission
Ethical issues in AI
Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal and technical opportunities and challenges
International Conference on Robot Ethics and Standards ICRES
European Union AI Act
AI Act Tutorial, prepared by Mireille Hildebrandt, Radboud University, for the HumanE-AI-net European Network of Human-centered Artificial Intelligence (also available on the HumanE-AI-net website)
Second Tutorial on the AI Act prepared by Giancarlo Gori, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), addressing the relevance of the final version of the AI Act for human-centric AI.
EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence Overview of the AI Act from the European Parliament
The Time to (AI) Act is Now: A Practical Guide to the AI Act by William Fry, Irish corporate law firm
Artificial Intelligence – Questions and Answers European Commission
Why we decided to relocate the headquarters of our AI company from the US to Ireland
An op-ed by Daryll Williams, Founder, CEO, and Chief Scientist of Partsol (pdf version here)
Opinion: Why EU AI Act is good for Irish innovation
AI Applications and Resources
Colab from Google
Digital Agriculture for Small-Scale Producers: Challenges and Opportunities CACM (2021)
A Guide to Open-Source Image Generation Models
AI Science and Technology
AI Prompt Engineering is Dead Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum)
Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI) "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" but not based on foundation models;
see also this insightful article about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI
Definitions of Artificial and Human Intelligence
Dynamic Field Theory
Energy Transformer NeurIPS 2023 (note: Energy Transformers are not the same as Energy-Based Transformers)
Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: Energy-Based Transformers are not the same as Energy Transformers)
Hopfield Networks is All You Need arXiv:2008.02217
Hopfield Networks is All You Need blog post
How AI chatbots like ChatGPT or Bard work – visual explainer
How Artificial Intelligence Reasons New York Times
IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Workshop 2022
IBM Neuro-Symbolic AI Summer School
LAION Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network
LaMDA, Google natural language foundation model
Neurosymbolic AI: The Third Wave
Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992)
Richard Sutton – Father of RL thinks LLMs are a dead end, an interview with Dwarkesh Patel; also watch Richard Sutton and Dwarkesh Patel – speaking two different languages for an explanation of their different perspectives
The AI behind Watson
What Is ChatGPT Doing ... and Why Does It Work? (and a lot more besides) by Stephen Wolfram
XAI Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0
What is Agentic AI? AWS
What is Agentic AI? IBM
Humour
Meat in Space By Terry Bisson, from a set of stories entitled Alien/Nation
Autonomy
Principles of Biological Autonomy By Francisco J. Varela, Edited by Ezequiel A. Di Paolo, Evan Thompson.
Cognitive Robotics
Cognitive Robotics Resources (list of links)
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics
Computer Vision
2-Dimensional Motion Perception in humans; seminal video from the 1970s.
Andrej Karpathy's course CS231n Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition
Attention: SALICON eye-tracking dataset
Attention: scan-path prediction
Autonomous Road Following Application, Use case demo (its the second last video in the right sidebar)
Bag of Features Descriptor
Biological Motion clip from Vilayanur S. Ramachandran
Biological Motion II
Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine.
Detection of ArUco Markers with OpenCV 4.7
Egocentric vision resources
Head Eye Tracking
How to install OpenCV with pip
OpenCV Python example of contour features
OpenMV camera
Cartographer SLAM software from Google
The Affective Growth of Computer Vision
The Ancient Secrets of Computer Vision J. C. Redmon's cool computer vision course at the University of Washington, Spring 2018
Understanding NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegitation Index) and other indices in remote sensing for assessing plant health
YOLO: Real-Time Object Detection
Control
PID control
Why does a proportional controller have a steady state error
Why Learn Control Theory video with links to several follow-on videos on all aspects of control theory
Control Bootcamp: Overview video with links to several follow-on videos on all aspects of control theory
Copyright
Copyright & Fair Use Carnegie Mellon University Africa
Fair Use Policy Carnegie Mellon University Africa
Fair Use in the Copyright Act
Fair Use and Other Educational Uses The University of Chicago
Educational Uses of Non-coursepack Materials Stanford University
Cybernetics and System Dynamics
Complicated vs. Complex A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli
David Wolpert's website
Dynamic Field Theory
Developing Dynamic Field Theory Architectures for Embodied Cognitive Systems with cedar
Gordon Pask Archive
Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics Heinz von Foerster
Karl Popper Natural selection and the emergence of mind
Paul Pangaro
Paul Pangaro - The Design of Ethical Interfaces
System Dynamics Society
W. Ross Ashby Digital Archive
Cycling
Articles
Cycling About with great articles
The Rules
Most People Don't Know How Bikes Work (and the need to counter-steer; see also this article on gyroscopic precession)
Bikes
Enigma Bicycle Works
Storck Bikes
Bike Maintenance
Crank & Bearing Removal and Installation - Campagnolo® Ultra-Torque™
FLAT! How to fix a tubular tire on the side of the road
How to change Campagnolo hoods
How to Wrap Handlebars for Road Bikes
How To Install A Campagnolo Rear Derailleur
SILCA Pro Tire Pressure Calculator
The complete guide to bottom bracket standards
Bike Shops
Great Bike Shop in Dubai
Great Bike Shop in Dublin
Great Bike Shop in Kigali
Equipment and Kit
Sturmey Archer S2C Duomatic
Musguard
Carbonfibre-like Insoles
Thermosoles
Assos
Assos Factory Outlet
Guide to studded bike tyres
How to install OpenStreetMap on your Garmin
Rotor Q-Rings reviewand here is what Joe Friel thinks of them
Tacx NEO 2T Smart Trainer In-Depth Review
Events and Routes
11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland
Biking in Rwanda - Downloads and Interactive Maps by Kaspar Kundert
Cyclo Calendar
Donegal Cycle Route
EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route
GPSies Routes including file format conversion, e.g. GPS to TCX.
Grand Trophee Cycling Events
Race around Rwanda with an alternative non-competitive Journey around Rwanda
The Complete Guide to the Congo Nile Trail Ebook
The Congo Nile Trail with satellite maps and elevation profiles for each stage.
Basic Kinyarwanda for the Congo Nile Trail and Beyond
The Ring of Kerry Charity Cycle and the route on Strava
The Wild Atlantic Way
Vätternrundan in Sweden
Royal Canal Greenway and map
Guides and Rentals
Cork Bike Rental Ireland
Lucca Cycling Club Italy
Nutrition
Glycemic Index Lists
Regulation of Muscle Glycogen Repletion, Muscle Protein Synthesis and Repair Following Exercise
Organizations
Services
The English Cyclist Modern Cycling Prints
Combine FIT, GPX, CSV or TCX files for Strava or Garmin
Engineering Education
A Whole New Engineer: a different way to approach effective teaching and learning (watch the video)
Bloom's Taxonomy original and revised
CS2023: ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI Computer Science Curricula and a paper describing community engagementby the ACM/IEEE-CS/AAAI Joint Task Force
Epic Education Foundation
Epic Challenge Talk Siemens NASA Boeing Keynote on Educating the Next Generation, with Bill Boswell, Charles Camarda, and Michael Richey
Epic Challenge Lecture by Charles Camarda (video)
Epic Methodology introduction to the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (ICED) methodology (text)
Epic Methodology introduction to the Innovative Conceptual Engineering Design (ICED) methodology (video)
Open-book assessments: dos and don’ts that foster good practice
Project Management for PhDs
Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area
Methodology: 2023-2024 Best Engineering Schools Rankings
Engineering Mathematics
The ten best linear algebra books
Introduction to Independent Component Analysis - Barnabás Póczos, University of Alberta
Subspace Methods for Visual Learning and Recognition ECCV 2002 Tutorial (short version) - Horst Bischof and Ales Leonardis
Subspace Methods for Visual Learning and Recognition ECCV 2002 Tutorial (full version) - Horst Bischof and Ales Leonardis
Fast ICA
FastICA C Implementation
Free Energy Principle and Active Inference
Active Inference: The Free Energy Principle in Mind, Brain, and Behavior an open access book by Thomas Parr, Giovanni Pezzulo,and Karl J. Friston
The free energy principle for action and perception: A mathematical review and ArXiv paper by Christopher L. Buckley, Chang Sub Kim, Simon McGregor, Anil K. Seth
Friston's Free Energy Principle Explained (part 1) by Jared Tumiel
Spinning Up in Active Inference and the Free Energy Principle by Jared Tumiel
The Lure of Free Energy by Wolfgang Schwarz (blog)
God Help Us, Let’s Try To Understand Friston on Free Energy by Scott Alexander [blog]
Book Review of Andy Clarke's Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind by Scott Alexander
Tutorial on Active Inference by Oleg Solopchuk
Fountain Pens
The Parker 51
Parker 51 History
The Evolution of the Sheaffer Inlaid Nib 1959-Present
Graphs and Networks
Network Science by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi
Other Books by Albert-Laszalo Barabasi
GraphViz graph visualization
Helping People in Need
MindLeaps
The GLO Africa Tour 2018
History of Technology
Reverse engineering Sinclair's amazing 1974 calculator
Information Theory
Shannon Entropy and Information Gain Intuitive video introduction to the concept of entropy and the equation for entropy
A Short Introduction to Entropy, Cross-Entropy and KL-Divergence Intuitive video introduction to these concepts and their use in machine learning
Innovation and Entrepreneurship
European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)
EIT ICT Labs
EIT Knowledge and Innovation Communities (KIC) Educational Activities Final Report
Ireland
1916 Easter Rising a collection of essays on the 1916 Easter Rising, the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and the Irish Civil War (1922 - 1923), leading to the creation of the Republic of Ireland in 1949
11 of the best cycling challenges in Ireland
Ireland: a history of British colonial rule in Ireland
Allie Sherlock and Fionn Whelan sing Hallelujah on Grafton Street
Cork Bike Rental Ireland
Cycling the Wild Atlantic Way by Rolling Resistance
Cycling the Wild Atlantic Way by David Vernon
Donegal Cycle Route
EuroVelo 1 - Atlantic Coast Route
Freewheeling Local bike shop in Dublin
Iarnrod Eireann / Irish Rail Journey Planner
Irish 101: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture
Irish Collectables and Memorabilia A collection of memorabilia from Irish history
Irish Culture A Five Minute Talk at Carnegie Mellon University Africa in 2023
Long-Distance Walking Trails in Ireland
Remembering The 1916 Rising A collection of information and memorabilia commemorating the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland
The Craic
The Crock of Gold by James Stephens
The EPIC untold story behind Fairytale of New York
The Wild Atlantic Way
The Wild Atlantic Way Alternative Site
The Wild Atlantic Way Map by Google
The Wild Atlantic Way Map by Discover Ireland
The Wild Atlantic Way Map by Failte Ireland
The Wild Atlantic Way Pocket Map
The Wild Atlantic Way Pocket Route Atlas
Transport for Ireland Journey Planner
You Don't Get To Be Racist and Irish a brilliant poem recited by Imelda May from her book A Lick and a Promise
LaTeX
Get LaTeX here
MacTeX for MacOS
PlotNeuralNet LaTeX code for making neural networks diagrams (and a helpful blog about it)
TeXworks is a lightweight GUI front-end (MacTeX doesn't come with a GUI). Note: you'll have to set TeXworks Preferences > Typesetting to specify where the MacTeX binaries have been installed, e.g. /usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-darwin.
Tufte-Latex Classes for producing books in the style of Edward R. Tufte (this is how I typeset my book Artificial Cognitive Systems - A Primer, published by MIT Press)
Drawing in LaTeX using TikZ
TikZ examples
The 3D Plot package for TikZ
The Listings Package
NASA LaTeX Docs with great examples and templates
Creating questionnaires with LaTeX from Sven Hartenstein
The tabularx package
Lisp
Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation by David Touretzky
Land of Lisp
On Lisp by Paul Graham
ANSI Common Lisp by Paul Graham
Lisp Tutorial (Chapter 2 of ANSI Common Lisp by Paul Graham)
Practical Common Lisp
Functional programming for the rest of us
Paul Graham's website ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the essays)
Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp open-source repository for the book by Peter Norvig (1992)
Common Lisp REPL Exploration Guide
Mac
How to troubleshoot an external drive
Common MacOS Catalina problems and how to fix them
SVN is deprecated in MacOS Catalina; here are ways to fix it
Taking Screenshots in OS X
OS X keyboard shortcuts
Open Source Mac Software
HyperJuice Batteries
HyperJuice Batteries in Europe
How to access files from an Ubuntu virtual machine in VirtualBox
How to access a web cam from an Ubuntu virtual machine in VirtualBox
You may need to first install the VirtualBox Extension Pack which provides support for USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 devices
Emacs for Mac OS X
Disable photoanalysisd
Reset the SMC of your Mac
How to Fix USB Accessories Disabled on Mac
How to Type Letters with Accents on Mac
Machine Learning
(Also see Artificial Intelligence and Robotics)
Bayesian Approaches
A Gentle Introduction to Bayesian Belief Networks
Books and Resources
Data Science and Machine Learning; free book to download
Deep Learning by Ian Goodfellow, Yoshua Bengio, and Aaron Courville
Hugging Face "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications"
Model-based Machine Learning, co-authored by Chris Bishop, and the related Infer.NET framework running Bayesian inference in graphical models
Model-based Machine Learning Companion Paper, C. M. Bishop, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2013 371: 20120222; see Section 4. for an overview of probabilistic graphical models.
Deep Learning for Computer Vision with Python; great book and software, including a fully-configured virtual machine.
Comparisons
Classifier Comparison with instructive visualization
Computer Scientist Explains Machine Learning in 5 Levels of Difficulty
Neural Network Zoo from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute
Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers with more detail on how each cell type works
Datasets
Hugging Face "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications"
Kaggle Facial Expression Recognition dataset FER13
Deep Learning
Deep Learning overview
Neural Networks and Deep Learning
On the Origin of Deep Learning Haohan Wang and Bhiksha Raj
The original paper on the CNN by Yann LeCun, Leon Bottio, Yoshua Bengio, and Patrick Haffner
Environments
Colab from Google
Hugging Face "The platform where the machine learning community collaborates on models, datasets, and applications"
Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection (including the use of LSTM)
Ethical Issues
Deep fakes: one element of the dark side of AI and ML
The rise of the deepfake and the threat to democracy
The Tank Story
Gaussian Processes
Gaussian processes - Visual exploration of Gaussian processes
Gaussian processes - Interactive Gaussian process visualization
Gaussian processes - Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning (Rasmussen and Williams, 2006)
Gaussian processes - The Kernel Cookbook: Advice on Covariance functions
Gaussian processes - An intuitive guide to Gaussian processes
Gaussian processes - An Intuitive Tutorial to Gaussian Processes Regression (Wang, 2022)
Gaussian processes - Introduction to Gaussian Processes Video Lecture (Nando de Freitas, 2013)
Generative Adversarial Networks
GAN Series; comprehensive overview of Generative Adversarial Networks
Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal Models
(Also see Vision-Language-Action Models and Limitations of AI)
Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence (BIGAI) "Pursuing a Unified Theory of Artificial Intelligence to Create General Intelligent Agents for Lifting Humanity" but not based on foundation models;
see also this insightful article about Song-Chun Zhu, the director of BIGAI, and his vision of the future of AI
Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers arXiv:2507.02092
A robot wrote this entire article. Are you scared yet, human? GPT-3
How Trustworthy Are Large Language Models Like GPT? Stanford University Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence
Music publishers sue Amazon-backed AI company over song lyrics
Sarah Silverman sues OpenAI and Meta claiming AI training infringed copyright
TechScape: why you shouldn’t worry about sentient AI … yet
Meta steps up AI battle with OpenAI and Google with release of Llama 3
DALL·E 3 Generative AI image creation from OpenAI
Large Language Models explained briefly by Grant Sanderson, 3Blue1Brown
Stable Diffusion Generative AI image creation from Stability AI
Midjourney Generative AI image creation from from Midjourney Inc.
GPT-4 and ChatGPT from OpenAI
Llama 3 from Meta
Gemini (formerly known as BARD) from Google
LaMDA and the Sentient AI Trap
Collaborative AI Arena Benchmarking collaborative capabilities of AI in the wild
TrueReason AI Tutor Demo
Three Things to Know About Prompting LLMs
AI Prompt Engineering is Dead Long live AI prompt engineering (IEEE Spectrum)
What is In-context Learning, and how does it work: The Beginner’s Guide
What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation, aka RAG? a blog by Nvidia; here is how Chat LangChain from LangChain explains it using Claude 3.5 Haiku, GPT4.1 Mini and Gemini 2.0 Flash
Methods for adapting large language models from Meta
Molmo Multimodal Open Language Model built by Ai2
On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models arXiv article
Physics Informed Machine Learning
High Level Overview of AI and ML in Science and Engineering
Recurrent Neural Networks
Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation
Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks
The original paper on the LSTM by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks a blog by Andrej Karpathy
Andrej Karpathy's Blog
Understanding LSTMs
Reinforcement Learning
A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning
Learning to Optimize with Reinforcement Learning and learning to learn
Learning to Optimize
Robot Learning
Robot Learning a talk by Jan Peters
Human-Interactive Robot Learning a course developed in Micro Project TMP-038 as part of the HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence (click the Home text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)
Self-Supervised Learning
Self-supervised Learning Andrew Zisserman
Yann LeCun Cake Analogy 2.0; the slides from his ISCC talk are
here and the video of the talk is here
Transformers
Energy Transformer NeurIPS 2023 (note: Energy Transformers are not the same as Energy-Based Transformers)
Energy-Based Transformers are Scalable Learners and Thinkers arXiv:2507.02092 (Note: Energy-Based Transformers are not the same as Energy Transformers)
Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers HumanE-AI-Net Micro Project
Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers Tutorial Presented at ACAI 2021
Multimodal Perception and Interaction with Transformers Research Tools
Multimodal Perception with Transformers Research Challenges and Data Sets
The Illustrated Transformer by Jay Alammar
Neuroscience
Did you know that multisensory integration develops late in humans, including visuo-auditory integration and visuo-haptic integration?
Has dopamine got us hooked on technology?
How a synapse works, part of an online course on the fundamentals of neuroscience
Human memory may be unreliable after just a few seconds
The Brain A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) and physiology (function) of the brain
The Neuron A video of Paul Anderson explaining the anatomy (structure) of the neuron
Quantum Computing
Google unveils ‘mindboggling’ quantum computing chip
Google’s Quantum Computer Makes a Major Breakthrough in Error Correction with a deeper analysis of this breakthrough
The Limits of Quantum Computers which dispels some of the hype around quantum computing
Robotics
(Also see Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning)
Cognitive Robotics
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Technical Committee for Cognitive Robotics
Cognitive Robotics Resources separate list of links
Competitions
PARC - Pan-African Robotics Competition
Conferences
IROS 2024 Opening Ceremony Video
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Best Practices in Robotics Education IEEE RAS Women in Robotics Panel Discussion
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee
Black in Robotics Building Community, Advocating for Diversity, Encouraging Accountability
Black in Robotics Special Series at IROS 2020
Science Robotics Special Issue: Highlighting diversity, equity, and inclusion in the field of robotics
The No Excuses List Women Faculty in Robotics
Women in Robotics
Featured Robots
Beatbots, including Keepon Pro
Elegoo robot car
Elegoo Tumbller
Eva: facially expressive humanoid robotic head and demonstration video
Franka Emika Robot
Haru: An Experimental Social Robot From Honda Research
iRobot Create 2
iRobot Create 3
Lynxmotion AL5D 4DOF Robot Arm
Makeblock robot kits
Meca500 robot arm
Quanser QArm 4 dof
ROSA ONE Brain: a robotic platform to assist surgeons in planning and performing complex neurosurgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner
Humanoid Robots
Invasion of the Home Humanoid Robots New York Times (read carefully; it's not what it appears to be)
"It’s the robot we were all expecting – like C3PO": why aren’t humanoids in our homes yet?
The Importance of Being Humanoid
Industry
Anki, Jibo, and Kuri: what we can learn from social robots that didn't make it
Awarri "Our mission is to enable the development and adoption of advanced AI & Robotics technology on the African continent"
Intrinsic a new Alphabet company dedicated to facilitating widespread deployment of robotics
The real cost of robotics
A* Algorithm: a great place to begin
A* Pages: super place to learn more
A* algorithm graphic interactive demo
Pathfinding in maps: graphic interactive demo of
Path planning with A* and RRT & RRT*
Origins
Theseus Claude E. Shannon's 1950 maze-learning mouse robot
Research
EASE - Everyday Activity Science & Engineering: how human-scale manipulation tasks can be mastered by robotic agents
Maria Petrou's Ironing Robot Challenge
Resources
Awesome Robotics: a list of various books, courses and other resources for robotics
Cognitive Robotics Resources separate list of links
Human-Robot Interaction - An Introduction An online textbook by C. Bartneck, T. Belpaeme, F. Eyssel, T. Kanda, M. Keijsers, and S. Šabanović
IEEE guide to the world of robots (this is a new and improved version of what was already a great website)
IEEE Spectrum robotics features
RoboHub All the latest news about robotics
The Construct A Platform to Learn/Teach Robotics from Zero. Everything from robotics theory to ROS based robot programming
The Robotics Primer Workbook
Robot Learning
Robot Learning a talk by Jan Peters
Human-Interactive Robot Learning a course developed in Micro Project TMP-038 as part of the HumanE-AI-Net Network of Excellence (click the Home text at the top-right of the page to access the slides)
ROS
Shops
Active Robots online shop
Simulators
Bullet Real-Time Physics Simulation
Societal Impact and Ethics
Here’s why robots are actually going to increase human employment
International Conference Series on Robot Ethics and Standards
Principles of Robotics
STEM Education
Edison
Promoting Innovation in Rwanda through Robotics Education
STEM Robotics
Robotics in STEM Education: Redesigning the Learning Experience
Nine dimensions of STEM learning that can be supported by digital technologies PDF Report (2019)
Using Robotics and Game Design to Enhance Children’s Self-Efficacy, STEM Attitudes, and Computational Thinking Skills (2016)
Experiential learning of electronics subject matter in middle school robotics courses (2015)
Shape Robotics Fable robot
Robotics in Australian Schools with extensive list of robot resources, including Sphero, Edison, Ozobot, Makeblock, Bee-bot, Tetrix, Botley, Blue-bot, Cozmo, Strawbees
Tech-Labs STEM Robotics Education
The Steam Connection building the future, one robot at a time
Coderina Engaging Youth in STEM Exploration with FIRST® LEGO® League
Keza Education Future Lab for kids aged 3 to 14
Creativity Lab STEM education using robots
Design Challenge: Call for proposals to design a robotics program and toolkit to be implemented in Rwandan school curricula and the resultant pilot program with a post on X
Ghana Robotics Academy Foundation
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Vision-Language-Action Models
(Also see Foundation Models: Large Language Models & Multimodal_Models and Limitations of AI)
ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilities Microsoft article
PaLM-E: An embodied multimodal language model; also see palm-e.github.io
RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale arXiv article on RT-1
Supplementary video for RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scale Video
RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control arXiv article on RT-2
RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models RT-2 website
RT-2: New model translates vision and language into action Google DeepMind Blog
RT-X: Scaling up learning across many different robot types
Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances arXiv article on SayCan
Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordances SayCan website
Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models arXiv article on Open X-Embodiment
Open X-Embodiment: Robotic Learning Datasets and RT-X Models Open X-Embodiment Website
Using an LLM to direct our robot Digit Agility Robotics video
Foundation Models in Robotics: Applications, Challenges, and the Future by Firoozi et al. on ArXiV and now in the International Journal of Robotics Research 2024
LEAP: LLM-Generation of Egocentric Action Programs
Robot Learning in the Era of Foundation Models: A Survey arXiv article
Toward General-Purpose Robots via Foundation Models: A Survey and Meta-Analysis arXiv article
Will generative AI transform robotics? Nature Machine Intelligence
Good old-fashioned engineering can close the 100,000-year “data gap” in robotics Ken Goldberg, Science Robotics
Self-Organization and Emergence
The Information Theory of Life
Complexity Explained
Complexity Explorables
Software Engineering
Software 2.0 a blog by Andrej Karpathy (it's from 2017, but still worth reading)
Programming Challenges by Steven Skiena and Miguel Revilla. . Online Judge
Paul Graham's website ... go here if you want to challenge and change your views on programming, Lisp, and life (start with the essays).
Journal of Software Engineering for Robotics
10 Quotes from David Parnas
How to write unmaintainable code
Absolute Beginners Guide to Emacs
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct
ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Official Repository
ACM/IEEE Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice Version 5.2, 2016
IEEE-CS/ACM Code of Ethics
Why don't people use formal methods?
Version control with Subversion (SNV)
Oliver Steele's explanation of the Git data transport commands (nice if you're used to Subversion)
BSD vs. GPL
Trinity College Dublin
Computer Science: Then and Now in honour of Professor John Byrne.
The John Gabriel Byrne Computer Science Collection
Tutorials
3Blue1Brown: The Essence of Calculus
3Blue1Brown: But what is a neural network? | Chapter 1, Deep learning
3Blue1Brown: Gradient descent, how neural networks learn | Chapter 2, Deep learning
3Blue1Brown: What is backpropagation really doing? | Chapter 3, Deep learning
3Blue1Brown: Backpropagation calculus | Chapter 4, Deep learning
How to create mathematical animations like 3blue1brown using Python
A (Long) Peek into Reinforcement Learning
Lisp Tutorial (Chapter 2 of ANSI Common Lisp by Paul Graham)
Automate the Boring Stuff: introduction to Python
What does a data scientist do?
Why Model?
Feynman on the Scientific Method
A brief introduction to graphical models and Bayesian networks
Visual attention: new directions in saliency research
The Poisson distribution and Poisson distribution problems
A Beginner's Guide to Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Cognitive Computing
Introducing Deep Learning and Long Short-Term Memory Networks
Using Keras and TensorFlow for Anomaly Detection (including the use of LSTM)
Illustrated guide to LSTMs and GRUs: a step by step explanation
Understanding LSTMs
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Recurrent Neural Networks
Neural Network Zoo from Fjodor van Veen, The Asimov Institute
Neural Network Zoo Prequel: Cells and Layers with more detail on how each cell type works
The Illustrated Transformer by Jay Alammar
TrinketIO: How to Embed a Python Interpreter in Your Website?
Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology
10 Influential Women in Engineering
Science: It's a Girl Thing This is object lesson on how not to think about women in science: ... so many stereotypes, so much bias, so very sad.
Barbie Robotics Engineer: inspiring girls to learn how to write software
Gender diversity in technology in Rwanda
IEEE Women in Engineering (WiE)
IEEE Robotics & Automation Society Women in Engineering (WiE)
IEEE Robotics & Automation Society - Women in Engineering (WiE) LinkedIn
International Women in Engineering Day
Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech Not specifically science, engineering, and technology, but a brilliant riposte to misogynistic attitudes and gender bias, in general
Levers in Heels Bringing visibility to African women in STEM
Life in The Largest Urban Slum | Delphine Nyaboke | TEDxKigali Women An inspirational TEDx talk by an engineer who triumphed despite the odds ... and yet, she still faces ongoing challenges, as do all her compatriots
On the gender gap in technology (read the last four paragraphs if you're short of time)
The five: unsung female scientists
The SHE++ website is gone, but you can still watch the video, check it on Facebook, or go to SHE++ London
Timeline of Women in Computing
The No Excuses List Women Faculty in Robotics
Writing
Composition
Henry Kissinger: "Is this the best you can do?" On the importance of exhaustive revision
Seven tips from Ernest Hemingway on how to write fiction Also useful for writing dissertations
The Bluestocking: On Writing Helen’s Big Rules of Writing
An example of inspirational writing: The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination 2008 Harvard Commencement Address by J. K. Rowling, the video, and the Very Good Lives book
An example of inspirational writing: 2024 Dartmouth Commencement Address by Roger Federer and a commentary in the New York Times
An example of great narrative writing: 'The good guys don’t always win': Salman Rushdie on peace, Barbie, and what freedom cost him.
An example of great technical writing: Scientific Background: The Brain’s Navigational Place and Grid Cell System (pdf)
Thinking in Threes: The Power of Three in Writing
The Rule of Three in Writing
Brevity: "I have made this longer than usual because I have not had time to make it shorter", Blaise Pascal, Lettres Provinciales, Lettre XVI; also see here and here for details, and here for variations on the theme.
White Papers and how to write them
What is satire? Comprehensive explanation with very helpful examples.
Style
The Elements of Style
Rules of English Style by Drew McDermott
Using the prime symbol to designate units
SI Unit rules and style conventions
Writing Numbers
5 am or 5 a.m. The Chicago Manual of Style on how to write abbreviations for ante meridiem (before noon) and post meridiem (after noon).
Is it 'neither is' or 'neither are'?
Title Case and Sentence Case Capitalization in APA Style
Axes: set the X, Y, and Z in capitals and italics, and use a hyphen.
Oxford Spelling and why using "-ize" rather than "-ise" is correct, even in British English.
To Beg the question explained (and why one should avoid phrases with esoteric or ambiguous meanings, even when used correctly)
Grammar
Clear explanation of the difference between the gerund and the present participle, i.e. words ending in "-ing"
On dangling prepositions and rules "up with which I will not put" (here is the Benjamin G. Zimmer article on the quotation)
Link Grammar a syntactic parser for the Link grammar of English, with a neat interactive sentence parser that identifies the parts of speech.
Punctuation
Punctuation rules: commas; also see Section 2 in The Elements of Style
Footnote markers are placed after the punctuation mark
Writing - The Benefits of Taking Handwritten Notes
The Pen Is Mightier Than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking
The Benefits of No-Tech Note Taking
Why Writing by Hand Could Make You Smarter
... and on a related topic:
Kids learn better on paper, not screens
Odds and Ends
100 Photos - The most influential images of all time. The link to the original Time website is broken
A Short Guide to Sharing Pronouns for Trans Allies
Administratium
Apophenia
Baking Powder versus Baking Soda (Bicarbonate of Soda))
Battery University
Bing Crosby & David Bowie Peace on Earth / Little Drummer Boy duet
Breaking waves audio
Bubble-sort folk dance
Claude E. Shannon Founder of Information Theory
Complicated vs. Complex A Note on the Difference Between Complicated and Complex Social Systems by Roberto Poli
Covid-19 pandemic: Tracking the global coronavirus outbreak
Dilbert - The Knack
Divination by Program Committee
Emojipedia
Filing Rules for listing names beginning with Mc and Mac
Flanders and Swann
Generational Differences in the Workplace: Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z Explained
Gyroscopic Precession is Easier Than You Think!
He Wants to Climb Nearly All of America’s Tallest Peaks. In a Month. by Scott Cacciola
Heilmeier's catechism for researchers
History of Technology articles from IEEE Spectrum
In Defense of J.K. Rowling (and read a full account of the controversy by Rhona Shennan in the Scotsman), and a more recent update by Caroline Davies in The Guardian
Ineffective Sorts
The Shortening Winter's Day is near a Close Joseph Farquharson (1846–1935);
also see Joseph Farquharson: Snow, sheep and sun
Julia Gillard's Misogyny Speech
Kigali Master Plan 2020
Less Wrong A website dedicated to rationality.
List of condiments
Lobachevsky by Tom Lehrer (also read ‘My songs spread like herpes’: why did satirical genius Tom Lehrer swap worldwide fame for obscurity?)
MakerBeam very neat kits that use 1 cm and 1.5 cm extruded aluminium for building mechanical frames for any purpose
Markdown Guide
MediaWiki Formatting Guide
Merge-sort folk dance
Meta-analysis
Motion-triggered figure-ground segmentation
Opinion is the lowest form of knowledge ... the correct attribution of this aphorism to Bill Bullard, not Plato, and attribution to George Eliot of the highest form of knowledge: empathy
Slide Hunter Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates
Presentation Go Free PowerPoint Presentation Templates
Presidential Actions aka Executive Orders; Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU) Overview of President Trump's Executive Orders
Program in C The Little Mermaid
Reduce PDF File Size
Cut PDF pages into halves
What’s a Research Roadmap For? Why do we need one? How can we produce one? (linked from Aaron Sloman's website)
Robert Frost: The Road Not Taken and how it is almost universally misunderstood
RwandAir Airbus A330 Seat Plan
Rwenzori Trekking
PC2Paper Send Letters from the Internet
Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking by Susan Cain; and watch her TED talk The Power of Introverts
Revisiting Rwanda by Murray Shanahan
Riverdance
Symbolikon 4000+ symbols from around the world
Sleep What Happens in Your Body and Brain While You Sleep
Sleep 7 Ways Sleep Affects The Brain (And What Happens If It Doesn't Get Enough)
Tactile Sensing
Teamwork: The four stages of team development
Ten words and phrases you should never use in IP contracts
The Golden Ratio
The Grant Cycle
The Guardian Optical Illusions
The incredible ibex defies gravity and climbs a dam | Forces of Nature with Brian Cox - BBC
The Intertwine Charter: Going beyond anti-discrimination and towards pro-active change to welcome others
The knowns and unknowns framework for design thinking
The Point Magazine
The story behind the Apollo 8 Earthrise photo
There are known knowns
Video of Donald Rumsfeld's famous use of the knowns and unknowns framework in 2002
Tom Lehrer playlist
Toys and Child Development one quote, in an article full of quotable quotes: "The best toys are 90% the kid, 10% the toy”, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek
Types of Orbit
How to disable automatic remote printer installation on Ubuntu
Visual explanations
Windows data types
Windows include files, e.g., windows.h
What / Where is the Global South?
What is the meaning of life? 15 possible answers – from a palliative care doctor, a Holocaust survivor, a jail inmate and more
You don’t need a smartphone: a practical, personal guide to downgrading your device
